Empirical Mode Decomposition Based Amplify and Forward Technique for Cooperative Cognitive Radio System
The rapid growth in the mobile industry due to increase in number of users accessing diverse services causes a high demand for radio spectrum. Nonetheless, the radio spectrum allocated for different wireless communication services is restricted. Cooperative Cognitive Radio (CCR) technique with Ampl...
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College of Engineering of Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti (ABUAD), Ekiti State, Nigeria
2024-10-01
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| Series: | ABUAD Journal of Engineering Research and Development |
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| Online Access: | https://journals.abuad.edu.ng/index.php/ajerd/article/view/887 |
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| author | Opeyemi Paul Oyelaran Zachaeus Kayode Adeyemo Samson Iyanda Ojo Isaac Adewale Ojedokun |
| author_facet | Opeyemi Paul Oyelaran Zachaeus Kayode Adeyemo Samson Iyanda Ojo Isaac Adewale Ojedokun |
| author_sort | Opeyemi Paul Oyelaran |
| collection | DOAJ |
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The rapid growth in the mobile industry due to increase in number of users accessing diverse services causes a high demand for radio spectrum. Nonetheless, the radio spectrum allocated for different wireless communication services is restricted. Cooperative Cognitive Radio (CCR) technique with Amplify and Forward (AF) relaying protocol used to address the problem suffers from noise amplification resulting in poor reception at the destination. Hence, in this paper, Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) based AF technique for CCR system was carried out to improve the performance of the existing CCR with AF relaying protocol. The transmitted signal from Primary User (PU) was received at the Secondary User (SU) where SU superimposed its own signal using Exclusive OR (XOR) rule. The combined signal from XOR was made to pass through EMD and amplified using AF by multiplying with the relay gain. The amplified signal was radiated to PU and SU receivers during the second hop transmission. The multiple copies of the receive signal at the SU receiver at different number of path (L = 2, 4) were combined at destination using Maximal Ratio Combiner (MRC). Mathematical expression for Bit Error Rate (BER) and Throughput (TP) were derived using the Probability Density Function (PDF) of the Nakagami-m fading distribution. Extensive simulations using MATLAB R2021a were employed to assess the effectiveness of the proposed technique and evaluated using BER and TP by comparing with the existing AF CCR. The EMD based AF technique proposed gave better performance with 75.2% reduction in BER and 21.86% increase in TP over the existing AF technique for CCR. The proposed technique can be deployed to improve the performance of cooperative cognitive radio system.
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5c25d4e180cf487eb322e56d4cad8928 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2756-6811 2645-2685 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-10-01 |
| publisher | College of Engineering of Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti (ABUAD), Ekiti State, Nigeria |
| record_format | Article |
| series | ABUAD Journal of Engineering Research and Development |
| spelling | doaj-art-5c25d4e180cf487eb322e56d4cad89282024-11-28T09:22:01ZengCollege of Engineering of Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti (ABUAD), Ekiti State, NigeriaABUAD Journal of Engineering Research and Development2756-68112645-26852024-10-017210.53982/ajerd.2024.0702.43-j743Empirical Mode Decomposition Based Amplify and Forward Technique for Cooperative Cognitive Radio System Opeyemi Paul Oyelaran0Zachaeus Kayode Adeyemo1Samson Iyanda Ojo2Isaac Adewale Ojedokun3Electronic and Electrical Engineering Department, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, OgbomosoElectronic and Electrical Engineering Department, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, OgbomosoElectronic and Electrical Engineering Department, Ladoke Akintola University of Technology, OgbomosoElectronic/Electrical Engineering Department, Bowen University, Iwo The rapid growth in the mobile industry due to increase in number of users accessing diverse services causes a high demand for radio spectrum. Nonetheless, the radio spectrum allocated for different wireless communication services is restricted. Cooperative Cognitive Radio (CCR) technique with Amplify and Forward (AF) relaying protocol used to address the problem suffers from noise amplification resulting in poor reception at the destination. Hence, in this paper, Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) based AF technique for CCR system was carried out to improve the performance of the existing CCR with AF relaying protocol. The transmitted signal from Primary User (PU) was received at the Secondary User (SU) where SU superimposed its own signal using Exclusive OR (XOR) rule. The combined signal from XOR was made to pass through EMD and amplified using AF by multiplying with the relay gain. The amplified signal was radiated to PU and SU receivers during the second hop transmission. The multiple copies of the receive signal at the SU receiver at different number of path (L = 2, 4) were combined at destination using Maximal Ratio Combiner (MRC). Mathematical expression for Bit Error Rate (BER) and Throughput (TP) were derived using the Probability Density Function (PDF) of the Nakagami-m fading distribution. Extensive simulations using MATLAB R2021a were employed to assess the effectiveness of the proposed technique and evaluated using BER and TP by comparing with the existing AF CCR. The EMD based AF technique proposed gave better performance with 75.2% reduction in BER and 21.86% increase in TP over the existing AF technique for CCR. The proposed technique can be deployed to improve the performance of cooperative cognitive radio system. https://journals.abuad.edu.ng/index.php/ajerd/article/view/887Cognitive Radio (CR)Amplify and Forward (AF) Cooperative CommunicationEmpirical Mode Decomposition (EMD)Exclusive OR, Primary User and Secondary User |
| spellingShingle | Opeyemi Paul Oyelaran Zachaeus Kayode Adeyemo Samson Iyanda Ojo Isaac Adewale Ojedokun Empirical Mode Decomposition Based Amplify and Forward Technique for Cooperative Cognitive Radio System ABUAD Journal of Engineering Research and Development Cognitive Radio (CR) Amplify and Forward (AF) Cooperative Communication Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) Exclusive OR, Primary User and Secondary User |
| title | Empirical Mode Decomposition Based Amplify and Forward Technique for Cooperative Cognitive Radio System |
| title_full | Empirical Mode Decomposition Based Amplify and Forward Technique for Cooperative Cognitive Radio System |
| title_fullStr | Empirical Mode Decomposition Based Amplify and Forward Technique for Cooperative Cognitive Radio System |
| title_full_unstemmed | Empirical Mode Decomposition Based Amplify and Forward Technique for Cooperative Cognitive Radio System |
| title_short | Empirical Mode Decomposition Based Amplify and Forward Technique for Cooperative Cognitive Radio System |
| title_sort | empirical mode decomposition based amplify and forward technique for cooperative cognitive radio system |
| topic | Cognitive Radio (CR) Amplify and Forward (AF) Cooperative Communication Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) Exclusive OR, Primary User and Secondary User |
| url | https://journals.abuad.edu.ng/index.php/ajerd/article/view/887 |
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