Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: A Novel Perspective on Comparative Therapeutics and Targeted Nanocarrier Application

Milk-derived extracellular vesicles (mEVs) are emerging as promising therapeutic candidates due to their unique properties and versatile functions. These vesicles play a crucial role in immunomodulation by influencing macrophage differentiation and cytokine production, potentially aiding in the trea...

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Main Authors: Muttiah Barathan, Sook Luan Ng, Yogeswaran Lokanathan, Min Hwei Ng, Jia Xian Law
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Vaccines
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/12/11/1282
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author Muttiah Barathan
Sook Luan Ng
Yogeswaran Lokanathan
Min Hwei Ng
Jia Xian Law
author_facet Muttiah Barathan
Sook Luan Ng
Yogeswaran Lokanathan
Min Hwei Ng
Jia Xian Law
author_sort Muttiah Barathan
collection DOAJ
description Milk-derived extracellular vesicles (mEVs) are emerging as promising therapeutic candidates due to their unique properties and versatile functions. These vesicles play a crucial role in immunomodulation by influencing macrophage differentiation and cytokine production, potentially aiding in the treatment of conditions such as bone loss, fibrosis, and cancer. mEVs also have the capacity to modulate gut microbiota composition, which may alleviate the symptoms of inflammatory bowel diseases and promote intestinal barrier integrity. Their potential as drug delivery vehicles is significant, enhancing the stability, solubility, and bioavailability of anticancer agents while supporting wound healing and reducing inflammation. Additionally, bovine mEVs exhibit anti-aging properties and protect skin cells from UV damage. As vaccine platforms, mEVs offer advantages including biocompatibility, antigen protection, and the ability to elicit robust immune responses through targeted delivery to specific immune cells. Despite these promising applications, challenges persist, including their complex roles in cancer, effective antigen loading, regulatory hurdles, and the need for standardized production methods. Achieving high targeting specificity and understanding the long-term effects of mEV-based therapies are essential for clinical translation. Ongoing research aims to optimize mEV production methods, enhance targeting capabilities, and conduct rigorous preclinical and clinical studies. By addressing these challenges, mEVs hold the potential to revolutionize vaccine development and targeted drug delivery, ultimately improving therapeutic outcomes across various medical fields.
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spelling doaj-art-5c15e5e9ad434d64a086851d90faff7c2024-11-26T18:24:43ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2024-11-011211128210.3390/vaccines12111282Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: A Novel Perspective on Comparative Therapeutics and Targeted Nanocarrier ApplicationMuttiah Barathan0Sook Luan Ng1Yogeswaran Lokanathan2Min Hwei Ng3Jia Xian Law4Department of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, MalaysiaDepartment of Craniofacial Diagnostics and Biosciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, MalaysiaDepartment of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, MalaysiaDepartment of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, MalaysiaDepartment of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, MalaysiaMilk-derived extracellular vesicles (mEVs) are emerging as promising therapeutic candidates due to their unique properties and versatile functions. These vesicles play a crucial role in immunomodulation by influencing macrophage differentiation and cytokine production, potentially aiding in the treatment of conditions such as bone loss, fibrosis, and cancer. mEVs also have the capacity to modulate gut microbiota composition, which may alleviate the symptoms of inflammatory bowel diseases and promote intestinal barrier integrity. Their potential as drug delivery vehicles is significant, enhancing the stability, solubility, and bioavailability of anticancer agents while supporting wound healing and reducing inflammation. Additionally, bovine mEVs exhibit anti-aging properties and protect skin cells from UV damage. As vaccine platforms, mEVs offer advantages including biocompatibility, antigen protection, and the ability to elicit robust immune responses through targeted delivery to specific immune cells. Despite these promising applications, challenges persist, including their complex roles in cancer, effective antigen loading, regulatory hurdles, and the need for standardized production methods. Achieving high targeting specificity and understanding the long-term effects of mEV-based therapies are essential for clinical translation. Ongoing research aims to optimize mEV production methods, enhance targeting capabilities, and conduct rigorous preclinical and clinical studies. By addressing these challenges, mEVs hold the potential to revolutionize vaccine development and targeted drug delivery, ultimately improving therapeutic outcomes across various medical fields.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/12/11/1282milkextracellular vesiclestherapeuticsdrug deliveryvaccinesnanocarriers
spellingShingle Muttiah Barathan
Sook Luan Ng
Yogeswaran Lokanathan
Min Hwei Ng
Jia Xian Law
Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: A Novel Perspective on Comparative Therapeutics and Targeted Nanocarrier Application
Vaccines
milk
extracellular vesicles
therapeutics
drug delivery
vaccines
nanocarriers
title Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: A Novel Perspective on Comparative Therapeutics and Targeted Nanocarrier Application
title_full Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: A Novel Perspective on Comparative Therapeutics and Targeted Nanocarrier Application
title_fullStr Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: A Novel Perspective on Comparative Therapeutics and Targeted Nanocarrier Application
title_full_unstemmed Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: A Novel Perspective on Comparative Therapeutics and Targeted Nanocarrier Application
title_short Milk-Derived Extracellular Vesicles: A Novel Perspective on Comparative Therapeutics and Targeted Nanocarrier Application
title_sort milk derived extracellular vesicles a novel perspective on comparative therapeutics and targeted nanocarrier application
topic milk
extracellular vesicles
therapeutics
drug delivery
vaccines
nanocarriers
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/12/11/1282
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AT yogeswaranlokanathan milkderivedextracellularvesiclesanovelperspectiveoncomparativetherapeuticsandtargetednanocarrierapplication
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