The interplay of factors in metabolic syndrome: understanding its roots and complexity
Abstract Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is an indicator and diverse endocrine syndrome that combines different metabolic defects with clinical, physiological, biochemical, and metabolic factors. Obesity, visceral adiposity and abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance (IR), elevated blood press...
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2024-12-01
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| Series: | Molecular Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s10020-024-01019-y |
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| author | Md. Sharifull Islam Ping Wei Md Suzauddula Ishatur Nime Farahnaaz Feroz Mrityunjoy Acharjee Fan Pan |
| author_facet | Md. Sharifull Islam Ping Wei Md Suzauddula Ishatur Nime Farahnaaz Feroz Mrityunjoy Acharjee Fan Pan |
| author_sort | Md. Sharifull Islam |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is an indicator and diverse endocrine syndrome that combines different metabolic defects with clinical, physiological, biochemical, and metabolic factors. Obesity, visceral adiposity and abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance (IR), elevated blood pressure, endothelial dysfunction, and acute or chronic inflammation are the risk factors associated with MetS. Abdominal obesity, a hallmark of MetS, highlights dysfunctional fat tissue and increased risk for cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Insulin, a vital peptide hormone, regulates glucose metabolism throughout the body. When cells become resistant to insulin’s effects, it disrupts various molecular pathways, leading to IR. This condition is linked to a range of disorders, including obesity, diabetes, fatty liver disease, cardiovascular disease, and polycystic ovary syndrome. Atherogenic dyslipidemia is characterized by three key factors: high levels of small, low-dense lipoprotein (LDL) particles and triglycerides, alongside low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), the “good” cholesterol. Such a combination is a major player in MetS, where IR is a driving force. Atherogenic dyslipidemia contributes significantly to the development of atherosclerosis, which can lead to cardiovascular disease. On top of that, genetic alteration and lifestyle factors such as diet and exercise influence the complexity and progression of MetS. To enhance our understanding and consciousness, it is essential to understand the fundamental pathogenesis of MetS. This review highlights current advancements in MetS research including the involvement of gut microbiome, epigenetic regulation, and metabolomic profiling for early detection of Mets. In addition, this review emphasized the epidemiology and fundamental pathogenesis of MetS, various risk factors, and their preventive measures. The goal of this effort is to deepen understanding of MetS and encourage further research to develop effective strategies for preventing and managing complex metabolic diseases. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5b8d762f9aaf4e5aa1cfa8d55fb86d23 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1528-3658 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecular Medicine |
| spelling | doaj-art-5b8d762f9aaf4e5aa1cfa8d55fb86d232024-12-29T12:36:05ZengBMCMolecular Medicine1528-36582024-12-0130112110.1186/s10020-024-01019-yThe interplay of factors in metabolic syndrome: understanding its roots and complexityMd. Sharifull Islam0Ping Wei1Md Suzauddula2Ishatur Nime3Farahnaaz Feroz4Mrityunjoy Acharjee5Fan Pan6Center for Cancer Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesCenter for Cancer Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesDepartment of Food Nutrition Dietetics and Health, Kansas State UniversityKey Laboratory of Environment Correlative Dietology, College of Food Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural UniversityDepartment of Microbiology, Stamford University BangladeshDepartment of Microbiology, Stamford University BangladeshCenter for Cancer Immunology, Institute of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of SciencesAbstract Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is an indicator and diverse endocrine syndrome that combines different metabolic defects with clinical, physiological, biochemical, and metabolic factors. Obesity, visceral adiposity and abdominal obesity, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance (IR), elevated blood pressure, endothelial dysfunction, and acute or chronic inflammation are the risk factors associated with MetS. Abdominal obesity, a hallmark of MetS, highlights dysfunctional fat tissue and increased risk for cardiovascular disease and diabetes. Insulin, a vital peptide hormone, regulates glucose metabolism throughout the body. When cells become resistant to insulin’s effects, it disrupts various molecular pathways, leading to IR. This condition is linked to a range of disorders, including obesity, diabetes, fatty liver disease, cardiovascular disease, and polycystic ovary syndrome. Atherogenic dyslipidemia is characterized by three key factors: high levels of small, low-dense lipoprotein (LDL) particles and triglycerides, alongside low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL), the “good” cholesterol. Such a combination is a major player in MetS, where IR is a driving force. Atherogenic dyslipidemia contributes significantly to the development of atherosclerosis, which can lead to cardiovascular disease. On top of that, genetic alteration and lifestyle factors such as diet and exercise influence the complexity and progression of MetS. To enhance our understanding and consciousness, it is essential to understand the fundamental pathogenesis of MetS. This review highlights current advancements in MetS research including the involvement of gut microbiome, epigenetic regulation, and metabolomic profiling for early detection of Mets. In addition, this review emphasized the epidemiology and fundamental pathogenesis of MetS, various risk factors, and their preventive measures. The goal of this effort is to deepen understanding of MetS and encourage further research to develop effective strategies for preventing and managing complex metabolic diseases.https://doi.org/10.1186/s10020-024-01019-yMetabolic syndromeEpidemiologyPathogenesisObesityInsulin resistanceDyslipidemia |
| spellingShingle | Md. Sharifull Islam Ping Wei Md Suzauddula Ishatur Nime Farahnaaz Feroz Mrityunjoy Acharjee Fan Pan The interplay of factors in metabolic syndrome: understanding its roots and complexity Molecular Medicine Metabolic syndrome Epidemiology Pathogenesis Obesity Insulin resistance Dyslipidemia |
| title | The interplay of factors in metabolic syndrome: understanding its roots and complexity |
| title_full | The interplay of factors in metabolic syndrome: understanding its roots and complexity |
| title_fullStr | The interplay of factors in metabolic syndrome: understanding its roots and complexity |
| title_full_unstemmed | The interplay of factors in metabolic syndrome: understanding its roots and complexity |
| title_short | The interplay of factors in metabolic syndrome: understanding its roots and complexity |
| title_sort | interplay of factors in metabolic syndrome understanding its roots and complexity |
| topic | Metabolic syndrome Epidemiology Pathogenesis Obesity Insulin resistance Dyslipidemia |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s10020-024-01019-y |
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