Oxidative Stress Induced by Antivirals: Implications for Adverse Outcomes During Pregnancy and in Newborns

Oxidative stress plays a critical role in various physiological and pathological processes, particularly during pregnancy, where it can significantly affect maternal and fetal health. In the context of viral infections, such as those caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and severe acute resp...

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Main Authors: Bárbara Costa, Maria João Gouveia, Nuno Vale
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-12-01
Series:Antioxidants
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/13/12/1518
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author Bárbara Costa
Maria João Gouveia
Nuno Vale
author_facet Bárbara Costa
Maria João Gouveia
Nuno Vale
author_sort Bárbara Costa
collection DOAJ
description Oxidative stress plays a critical role in various physiological and pathological processes, particularly during pregnancy, where it can significantly affect maternal and fetal health. In the context of viral infections, such as those caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), oxidative stress may exacerbate complications by disrupting cellular function and immune responses. Antiviral drugs, while essential in managing these infections, can also contribute to oxidative stress, potentially impacting both the mother and the developing fetus. Understanding the mechanisms by which antivirals can contribute to oxidative stress and examination of pharmacokinetic changes during pregnancy that influence drug metabolism is essential. Some research indicates that antiretroviral drugs can induce oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction during pregnancy, while other studies suggest that their use is generally safe. Therefore, concerns about long-term health effects persist. This review delves into the complex interplay between oxidative stress, antioxidant defenses, and antiviral therapies, focusing on strategies to mitigate potential oxidative damage. By addressing gaps in our understanding, we highlight the importance of balancing antiviral efficacy with the risks of oxidative stress. Moreover, we advocate for further research to develop safer, more effective therapeutic approaches during pregnancy. Understanding these dynamics is essential for optimizing health outcomes for both mother and fetus in the context of viral infections during pregnancy.
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spelling doaj-art-5abab089d00543e7af7187c5e2f533862024-12-27T14:06:50ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212024-12-011312151810.3390/antiox13121518Oxidative Stress Induced by Antivirals: Implications for Adverse Outcomes During Pregnancy and in NewbornsBárbara Costa0Maria João Gouveia1Nuno Vale2PerMed Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), 4200-450 Porto, PortugalCentre for Parasite Biology and Immunology, Department of Infectious Diseases, National Health Institute Dr. Ricardo Jorge, 4000-055 Porto, PortugalPerMed Research Group, Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), 4200-450 Porto, PortugalOxidative stress plays a critical role in various physiological and pathological processes, particularly during pregnancy, where it can significantly affect maternal and fetal health. In the context of viral infections, such as those caused by Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) and severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), oxidative stress may exacerbate complications by disrupting cellular function and immune responses. Antiviral drugs, while essential in managing these infections, can also contribute to oxidative stress, potentially impacting both the mother and the developing fetus. Understanding the mechanisms by which antivirals can contribute to oxidative stress and examination of pharmacokinetic changes during pregnancy that influence drug metabolism is essential. Some research indicates that antiretroviral drugs can induce oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction during pregnancy, while other studies suggest that their use is generally safe. Therefore, concerns about long-term health effects persist. This review delves into the complex interplay between oxidative stress, antioxidant defenses, and antiviral therapies, focusing on strategies to mitigate potential oxidative damage. By addressing gaps in our understanding, we highlight the importance of balancing antiviral efficacy with the risks of oxidative stress. Moreover, we advocate for further research to develop safer, more effective therapeutic approaches during pregnancy. Understanding these dynamics is essential for optimizing health outcomes for both mother and fetus in the context of viral infections during pregnancy.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/13/12/1518oxidative stressantiviralspregnancyadverse outcomespharmacokineticsin vitro studies
spellingShingle Bárbara Costa
Maria João Gouveia
Nuno Vale
Oxidative Stress Induced by Antivirals: Implications for Adverse Outcomes During Pregnancy and in Newborns
Antioxidants
oxidative stress
antivirals
pregnancy
adverse outcomes
pharmacokinetics
in vitro studies
title Oxidative Stress Induced by Antivirals: Implications for Adverse Outcomes During Pregnancy and in Newborns
title_full Oxidative Stress Induced by Antivirals: Implications for Adverse Outcomes During Pregnancy and in Newborns
title_fullStr Oxidative Stress Induced by Antivirals: Implications for Adverse Outcomes During Pregnancy and in Newborns
title_full_unstemmed Oxidative Stress Induced by Antivirals: Implications for Adverse Outcomes During Pregnancy and in Newborns
title_short Oxidative Stress Induced by Antivirals: Implications for Adverse Outcomes During Pregnancy and in Newborns
title_sort oxidative stress induced by antivirals implications for adverse outcomes during pregnancy and in newborns
topic oxidative stress
antivirals
pregnancy
adverse outcomes
pharmacokinetics
in vitro studies
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/13/12/1518
work_keys_str_mv AT barbaracosta oxidativestressinducedbyantiviralsimplicationsforadverseoutcomesduringpregnancyandinnewborns
AT mariajoaogouveia oxidativestressinducedbyantiviralsimplicationsforadverseoutcomesduringpregnancyandinnewborns
AT nunovale oxidativestressinducedbyantiviralsimplicationsforadverseoutcomesduringpregnancyandinnewborns