Significant role of biomass burning in heavy haze formation in Nanjing, a megacity in China: molecular-level insights from intensive PM<sub>2.5</sub> sampling on winter hazy days
<p>Reports on the molecular-level characterization of primary and secondary constituents in PM<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2.5</sub></span> at high temporal resolution, particularly during haze events, are still limited. This study employed comprehensive...
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Copernicus Publications
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
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| author | M. Kang M. Kang M. Bao M. Bao M. Bao W. Song W. Song A. Abulimiti A. Abulimiti C. Wu C. Wu F. Cao F. Cao S. Szidat Y. Zhang Y. Zhang |
| author_facet | M. Kang M. Kang M. Bao M. Bao M. Bao W. Song W. Song A. Abulimiti A. Abulimiti C. Wu C. Wu F. Cao F. Cao S. Szidat Y. Zhang Y. Zhang |
| author_sort | M. Kang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Reports on the molecular-level characterization of primary and secondary constituents in PM<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2.5</sub></span> at high temporal resolution, particularly during haze events, are still limited. This study employed comprehensive analytical methods to examine the molecular composition and source contributions of PM<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2.5</sub></span>, with samples collected approximately every 2 h during hazy winter days. Results show that organic matter was the predominant species, followed by nitrate (NO<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M5" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><msubsup><mi/><mn mathvariant="normal">3</mn><mo>-</mo></msubsup></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="9pt" height="16pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="8c72af1edd6d67ed562efcaf5163d22b"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-25-73-2025-ie00001.svg" width="9pt" height="16pt" src="acp-25-73-2025-ie00001.png"/></svg:svg></span></span>). Radiocarbon analysis of carbonaceous fractions reveals that fossil fuels account for 61 %–82 % of water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), likely resulting from increased fossil fuel consumption during cold heating months. Interestingly, the contribution of non-fossil sources to WSOC enhanced with worsening haze pollution, coinciding with significantly intensified biomass burning (BB). BB was identified as the largest contributor to organic carbon (OC) in both concentration and proportion, due to intensive BB emissions in the surrounding areas, especially on heavily polluted days. For secondary sources, naphthalene-derived secondary organic carbon (SOC) contributed more to OC in PM<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2.5</sub></span> (0.27 %–2.46 %) compared to biogenic SOC (0.05 %–1.10 %), suggesting anthropogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs), such as those from fossil fuel and biomass combustion, play a major role in SOC formation in urban aerosols during winter. In addition to promoting secondary aerosol formation, BB could also enhance emissions from other sources, as evidenced by significant correlations between BB tracers and various other source tracers. These findings highlight the significant role of BB in contributing to heavy winter haze.</p> |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-5a8a067372e24e228038f0f041e70f142025-01-07T05:24:07ZengCopernicus PublicationsAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics1680-73161680-73242025-01-0125739110.5194/acp-25-73-2025Significant role of biomass burning in heavy haze formation in Nanjing, a megacity in China: molecular-level insights from intensive PM<sub>2.5</sub> sampling on winter hazy daysM. Kang0M. Kang1M. Bao2M. Bao3M. Bao4W. Song5W. Song6A. Abulimiti7A. Abulimiti8C. Wu9C. Wu10F. Cao11F. Cao12S. Szidat13Y. Zhang14Y. Zhang15School of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, ChinaAtmospheric Environment Center, Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation on Climate and Environmental Change, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, ChinaSchool of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, ChinaAtmospheric Environment Center, Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation on Climate and Environmental Change, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, ChinaHuzhou Meteorological Administration, Huzhou, 313000, ChinaSchool of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, ChinaAtmospheric Environment Center, Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation on Climate and Environmental Change, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, ChinaSchool of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, ChinaAtmospheric Environment Center, Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation on Climate and Environmental Change, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, ChinaSchool of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, ChinaAtmospheric Environment Center, Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation on Climate and Environmental Change, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, ChinaSchool of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, ChinaAtmospheric Environment Center, Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation on Climate and Environmental Change, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, ChinaDepartment of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, 3012, SwitzerlandSchool of Ecology and Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, ChinaAtmospheric Environment Center, Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation on Climate and Environmental Change, Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China<p>Reports on the molecular-level characterization of primary and secondary constituents in PM<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2.5</sub></span> at high temporal resolution, particularly during haze events, are still limited. This study employed comprehensive analytical methods to examine the molecular composition and source contributions of PM<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2.5</sub></span>, with samples collected approximately every 2 h during hazy winter days. Results show that organic matter was the predominant species, followed by nitrate (NO<span class="inline-formula"><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" id="M5" display="inline" overflow="scroll" dspmath="mathml"><mrow><msubsup><mi/><mn mathvariant="normal">3</mn><mo>-</mo></msubsup></mrow></math><span><svg:svg xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="9pt" height="16pt" class="svg-formula" dspmath="mathimg" md5hash="8c72af1edd6d67ed562efcaf5163d22b"><svg:image xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="acp-25-73-2025-ie00001.svg" width="9pt" height="16pt" src="acp-25-73-2025-ie00001.png"/></svg:svg></span></span>). Radiocarbon analysis of carbonaceous fractions reveals that fossil fuels account for 61 %–82 % of water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC), likely resulting from increased fossil fuel consumption during cold heating months. Interestingly, the contribution of non-fossil sources to WSOC enhanced with worsening haze pollution, coinciding with significantly intensified biomass burning (BB). BB was identified as the largest contributor to organic carbon (OC) in both concentration and proportion, due to intensive BB emissions in the surrounding areas, especially on heavily polluted days. For secondary sources, naphthalene-derived secondary organic carbon (SOC) contributed more to OC in PM<span class="inline-formula"><sub>2.5</sub></span> (0.27 %–2.46 %) compared to biogenic SOC (0.05 %–1.10 %), suggesting anthropogenic volatile organic compounds (VOCs), such as those from fossil fuel and biomass combustion, play a major role in SOC formation in urban aerosols during winter. In addition to promoting secondary aerosol formation, BB could also enhance emissions from other sources, as evidenced by significant correlations between BB tracers and various other source tracers. These findings highlight the significant role of BB in contributing to heavy winter haze.</p>https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/25/73/2025/acp-25-73-2025.pdf |
| spellingShingle | M. Kang M. Kang M. Bao M. Bao M. Bao W. Song W. Song A. Abulimiti A. Abulimiti C. Wu C. Wu F. Cao F. Cao S. Szidat Y. Zhang Y. Zhang Significant role of biomass burning in heavy haze formation in Nanjing, a megacity in China: molecular-level insights from intensive PM<sub>2.5</sub> sampling on winter hazy days Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| title | Significant role of biomass burning in heavy haze formation in Nanjing, a megacity in China: molecular-level insights from intensive PM<sub>2.5</sub> sampling on winter hazy days |
| title_full | Significant role of biomass burning in heavy haze formation in Nanjing, a megacity in China: molecular-level insights from intensive PM<sub>2.5</sub> sampling on winter hazy days |
| title_fullStr | Significant role of biomass burning in heavy haze formation in Nanjing, a megacity in China: molecular-level insights from intensive PM<sub>2.5</sub> sampling on winter hazy days |
| title_full_unstemmed | Significant role of biomass burning in heavy haze formation in Nanjing, a megacity in China: molecular-level insights from intensive PM<sub>2.5</sub> sampling on winter hazy days |
| title_short | Significant role of biomass burning in heavy haze formation in Nanjing, a megacity in China: molecular-level insights from intensive PM<sub>2.5</sub> sampling on winter hazy days |
| title_sort | significant role of biomass burning in heavy haze formation in nanjing a megacity in china molecular level insights from intensive pm sub 2 5 sub sampling on winter hazy days |
| url | https://acp.copernicus.org/articles/25/73/2025/acp-25-73-2025.pdf |
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