Quantitative analysis of patient motion in walk-through PET scanner and standard axial field of view pet scanner using infrared-based tracking

Abstract Background Long-axial field-of-view (LAFOV) Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scanners provide high sensitivity, but throughput is limited because of time-consuming patient positioning. To enhance throughput, a novel Walk-Through PET (WT-PET) scanner has been developed, allowing patients t...

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Main Authors: Rabia Aziz, Jens Maebe, Florence Marie Muller, Yves D’Asseler, Stefaan Vandenberghe
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SpringerOpen 2024-11-01
Series:EJNMMI Physics
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40658-024-00704-5
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author Rabia Aziz
Jens Maebe
Florence Marie Muller
Yves D’Asseler
Stefaan Vandenberghe
author_facet Rabia Aziz
Jens Maebe
Florence Marie Muller
Yves D’Asseler
Stefaan Vandenberghe
author_sort Rabia Aziz
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Long-axial field-of-view (LAFOV) Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scanners provide high sensitivity, but throughput is limited because of time-consuming patient positioning. To enhance throughput, a novel Walk-Through PET (WT-PET) scanner has been developed, allowing patients to stand upright, supported by an adjustable headrest and hand supports. This study evaluates the degree of motion in the WT-PET system and compares it with the standard PET-CT. Methods Three studies were conducted with healthy volunteers to estimate motion. The first two studies assessed motion in the WT-PET’s Design I (Study 1) and Design II (Study 2), while the third study compared motion on a standard PET-CT scanner bed (Study 3). Infrared markers placed on the head, shoulders, chest, and abdomen were tracked and processed using image-processing techniques involving thresholding and connected component analysis. Videos were recorded for normal breathing and breath-holding conditions, and 2D centroids were transformed into 3D coordinates using depth information. Results The results shows a significant reduction in motion during breath-holding, especially for the abdomen. Mean motion distances decreased from 2.63 mm to 2.18 mm in Study 1 and from 2.42 mm to 1.67 mm in Study 2. Statistical analysis revealed notable differences in motion between the WT-PET and mCT scanners. The Shapiro-Wilk test indicated non-normal motion distributions in the head, right shoulder, and abdomen for both systems, leading to the use of the Wilcoxon signed-rank test for all markers. Significant differences were found in the right shoulder (p = 0.0266), left shoulder (p = 0.0004) and chest (p < 0.0001) but no significant differences were observed in the head (p = 0.1327) and abdomen (p = 0.8404). Conclusion This study provides a comprehensive analysis of patient motion in a WT-PET scanner with respect to the standard PET. The findings highlight a significant increase in shoulder and chest motion, while the head and abdomen regions showed more stability.
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spelling doaj-art-5a2e76e617484db38f5270c3e72c83e82024-12-01T12:45:40ZengSpringerOpenEJNMMI Physics2197-73642024-11-0111112110.1186/s40658-024-00704-5Quantitative analysis of patient motion in walk-through PET scanner and standard axial field of view pet scanner using infrared-based trackingRabia Aziz0Jens Maebe1Florence Marie Muller2Yves D’Asseler3Stefaan Vandenberghe4Department of Electronics and Information Systems, Medical Image and Signal Processing, Ghent UniversityDepartment of Electronics and Information Systems, Medical Image and Signal Processing, Ghent UniversityDepartment of Electronics and Information Systems, Medical Image and Signal Processing, Ghent UniversityDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, Ghent University HospitalDepartment of Electronics and Information Systems, Medical Image and Signal Processing, Ghent UniversityAbstract Background Long-axial field-of-view (LAFOV) Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scanners provide high sensitivity, but throughput is limited because of time-consuming patient positioning. To enhance throughput, a novel Walk-Through PET (WT-PET) scanner has been developed, allowing patients to stand upright, supported by an adjustable headrest and hand supports. This study evaluates the degree of motion in the WT-PET system and compares it with the standard PET-CT. Methods Three studies were conducted with healthy volunteers to estimate motion. The first two studies assessed motion in the WT-PET’s Design I (Study 1) and Design II (Study 2), while the third study compared motion on a standard PET-CT scanner bed (Study 3). Infrared markers placed on the head, shoulders, chest, and abdomen were tracked and processed using image-processing techniques involving thresholding and connected component analysis. Videos were recorded for normal breathing and breath-holding conditions, and 2D centroids were transformed into 3D coordinates using depth information. Results The results shows a significant reduction in motion during breath-holding, especially for the abdomen. Mean motion distances decreased from 2.63 mm to 2.18 mm in Study 1 and from 2.42 mm to 1.67 mm in Study 2. Statistical analysis revealed notable differences in motion between the WT-PET and mCT scanners. The Shapiro-Wilk test indicated non-normal motion distributions in the head, right shoulder, and abdomen for both systems, leading to the use of the Wilcoxon signed-rank test for all markers. Significant differences were found in the right shoulder (p = 0.0266), left shoulder (p = 0.0004) and chest (p < 0.0001) but no significant differences were observed in the head (p = 0.1327) and abdomen (p = 0.8404). Conclusion This study provides a comprehensive analysis of patient motion in a WT-PET scanner with respect to the standard PET. The findings highlight a significant increase in shoulder and chest motion, while the head and abdomen regions showed more stability.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40658-024-00704-5Walk-Through PETLong axial field of viewInfrared localizationRigid motion analysisPatient throughputMotion artifacts
spellingShingle Rabia Aziz
Jens Maebe
Florence Marie Muller
Yves D’Asseler
Stefaan Vandenberghe
Quantitative analysis of patient motion in walk-through PET scanner and standard axial field of view pet scanner using infrared-based tracking
EJNMMI Physics
Walk-Through PET
Long axial field of view
Infrared localization
Rigid motion analysis
Patient throughput
Motion artifacts
title Quantitative analysis of patient motion in walk-through PET scanner and standard axial field of view pet scanner using infrared-based tracking
title_full Quantitative analysis of patient motion in walk-through PET scanner and standard axial field of view pet scanner using infrared-based tracking
title_fullStr Quantitative analysis of patient motion in walk-through PET scanner and standard axial field of view pet scanner using infrared-based tracking
title_full_unstemmed Quantitative analysis of patient motion in walk-through PET scanner and standard axial field of view pet scanner using infrared-based tracking
title_short Quantitative analysis of patient motion in walk-through PET scanner and standard axial field of view pet scanner using infrared-based tracking
title_sort quantitative analysis of patient motion in walk through pet scanner and standard axial field of view pet scanner using infrared based tracking
topic Walk-Through PET
Long axial field of view
Infrared localization
Rigid motion analysis
Patient throughput
Motion artifacts
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s40658-024-00704-5
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