The Application of a Sodium Benzoate Salt-Nucleating Agent in Recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate: Crystallization Behavior and Mechanism
The molecular chains of recycled polyethylene terephthalate (rPET) show breakage during daily use, causing poor crystallization and leading to mechanical properties that, when blended with the nucleating agent, become an effective method of solving this problem. The salt-nucleating agent sodium benz...
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2024-12-01
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| author | Meizhen Wang Fuhua Lin Tianjiao Zhao Yapeng Dong Xinyu Hao Dingyi Ning Yanli Zhang Kexin Zhang Dan Zhou Jun Luo Xiangyang Li Bo Wang |
| author_facet | Meizhen Wang Fuhua Lin Tianjiao Zhao Yapeng Dong Xinyu Hao Dingyi Ning Yanli Zhang Kexin Zhang Dan Zhou Jun Luo Xiangyang Li Bo Wang |
| author_sort | Meizhen Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The molecular chains of recycled polyethylene terephthalate (rPET) show breakage during daily use, causing poor crystallization and leading to mechanical properties that, when blended with the nucleating agent, become an effective method of solving this problem. The salt-nucleating agent sodium benzoate (SB), disodium terephthalate (DT), and trisodium 1,3,5benzene tricarboxylic (TBT) were synthesized, and an rPET/nucleating agent blend was prepared. The intrinsic viscosity (<i>η</i>) results showed that the <i>η</i> of the rPET/SB was decreased, which indicated the breakage of the rPET molecular chains. The FTIR results indicated that a chemical reaction occurred between the rPET and Na<sup>+</sup> of the SB. Moreover, the Na<sup>+</sup> content of the DT and TBT were higher than that of the SB, which increased the opportunity for low-molecular-weight rPET to reattach to the organic carboxylic acid portion of the nucleating agent, thereby increasing the <i>η</i> of the rPET/DT and rPET/TBT. The salt-nucleating agent sodium benzoate greatly improved the crystallization properties of the rPET, resulting in the half-crystallization time decreasing, the crystallization temperature increasing, and the effect of SB being better than that of DT and TBT. This was because the nucleating agent caused chemical nucleation with rPET, and the ionic groups acted as nucleation sites, while the rPET/DT and rPET/TBT, which had high molecular weights, hindered the improvement of the crystallization properties. The mechanical properties prove that the rPET/SB decreased due to the severe degradation of the rPET molecular chains. The mechanical properties of the rPET/DT and rPET/TBT were effectively improved because of the nucleating agent refining the grain size of the rPET and the high molecular weight. But the stacking of multitudinous rPET molecular chains can form a structure resembling physical cross-linking, causing a slight decrease in the mechanical properties of the rPET/TBT compared to the rPET/DT. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5a1c94e7edcd4868b222644be80ad45a |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
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| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj-art-5a1c94e7edcd4868b222644be80ad45a2025-01-10T13:18:41ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492024-12-013013710.3390/molecules30010037The Application of a Sodium Benzoate Salt-Nucleating Agent in Recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate: Crystallization Behavior and MechanismMeizhen Wang0Fuhua Lin1Tianjiao Zhao2Yapeng Dong3Xinyu Hao4Dingyi Ning5Yanli Zhang6Kexin Zhang7Dan Zhou8Jun Luo9Xiangyang Li10Bo Wang11School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, ChinaSchool of Traffic Engineering, Shanxi Vocational University of Engineering Science and Technology, Jinzhong 030619, ChinaSchool of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, ChinaSchool of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, ChinaSchool of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, ChinaSchool of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, ChinaSchool of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, ChinaSchool of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, ChinaSchool of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, ChinaGuangzhou Fibre Product Testing and Research Institute, Guangzhou 510220, ChinaDepartment of Chemical and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi Polytechnic College, Taiyuan 030006, ChinaSchool of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan 030024, ChinaThe molecular chains of recycled polyethylene terephthalate (rPET) show breakage during daily use, causing poor crystallization and leading to mechanical properties that, when blended with the nucleating agent, become an effective method of solving this problem. The salt-nucleating agent sodium benzoate (SB), disodium terephthalate (DT), and trisodium 1,3,5benzene tricarboxylic (TBT) were synthesized, and an rPET/nucleating agent blend was prepared. The intrinsic viscosity (<i>η</i>) results showed that the <i>η</i> of the rPET/SB was decreased, which indicated the breakage of the rPET molecular chains. The FTIR results indicated that a chemical reaction occurred between the rPET and Na<sup>+</sup> of the SB. Moreover, the Na<sup>+</sup> content of the DT and TBT were higher than that of the SB, which increased the opportunity for low-molecular-weight rPET to reattach to the organic carboxylic acid portion of the nucleating agent, thereby increasing the <i>η</i> of the rPET/DT and rPET/TBT. The salt-nucleating agent sodium benzoate greatly improved the crystallization properties of the rPET, resulting in the half-crystallization time decreasing, the crystallization temperature increasing, and the effect of SB being better than that of DT and TBT. This was because the nucleating agent caused chemical nucleation with rPET, and the ionic groups acted as nucleation sites, while the rPET/DT and rPET/TBT, which had high molecular weights, hindered the improvement of the crystallization properties. The mechanical properties prove that the rPET/SB decreased due to the severe degradation of the rPET molecular chains. The mechanical properties of the rPET/DT and rPET/TBT were effectively improved because of the nucleating agent refining the grain size of the rPET and the high molecular weight. But the stacking of multitudinous rPET molecular chains can form a structure resembling physical cross-linking, causing a slight decrease in the mechanical properties of the rPET/TBT compared to the rPET/DT.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/1/37recycled polyethylene terephthalatechemical nucleationcrystallization behavior |
| spellingShingle | Meizhen Wang Fuhua Lin Tianjiao Zhao Yapeng Dong Xinyu Hao Dingyi Ning Yanli Zhang Kexin Zhang Dan Zhou Jun Luo Xiangyang Li Bo Wang The Application of a Sodium Benzoate Salt-Nucleating Agent in Recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate: Crystallization Behavior and Mechanism Molecules recycled polyethylene terephthalate chemical nucleation crystallization behavior |
| title | The Application of a Sodium Benzoate Salt-Nucleating Agent in Recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate: Crystallization Behavior and Mechanism |
| title_full | The Application of a Sodium Benzoate Salt-Nucleating Agent in Recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate: Crystallization Behavior and Mechanism |
| title_fullStr | The Application of a Sodium Benzoate Salt-Nucleating Agent in Recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate: Crystallization Behavior and Mechanism |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Application of a Sodium Benzoate Salt-Nucleating Agent in Recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate: Crystallization Behavior and Mechanism |
| title_short | The Application of a Sodium Benzoate Salt-Nucleating Agent in Recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate: Crystallization Behavior and Mechanism |
| title_sort | application of a sodium benzoate salt nucleating agent in recycled polyethylene terephthalate crystallization behavior and mechanism |
| topic | recycled polyethylene terephthalate chemical nucleation crystallization behavior |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/1/37 |
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