Narrative review of factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 coinfection in Middle Eastern countries and the need to vaccinate against preventable diseases

This review evaluated the frequency of, and outcomes associated with, bacterial, fungal, and viral coinfection with SARS-CoV-2 in Middle Eastern countries via a PubMed search through February 2023. Ninety articles reported bacterial (n = 57), fungal (n = 32), and viral (n = 32) coinfections. High fr...

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Main Authors: Majid Alshamrani, Fayssal Farahat, Ali Albarrak, Aiman El-Saed, Atef M. Shibl, Ziad A. Memish, Mostafa Mousa, Hammam Haridy, Abdulhakeem Althaqafi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-01-01
Series:Journal of Infection and Public Health
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876034124003344
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author Majid Alshamrani
Fayssal Farahat
Ali Albarrak
Aiman El-Saed
Atef M. Shibl
Ziad A. Memish
Mostafa Mousa
Hammam Haridy
Abdulhakeem Althaqafi
author_facet Majid Alshamrani
Fayssal Farahat
Ali Albarrak
Aiman El-Saed
Atef M. Shibl
Ziad A. Memish
Mostafa Mousa
Hammam Haridy
Abdulhakeem Althaqafi
author_sort Majid Alshamrani
collection DOAJ
description This review evaluated the frequency of, and outcomes associated with, bacterial, fungal, and viral coinfection with SARS-CoV-2 in Middle Eastern countries via a PubMed search through February 2023. Ninety articles reported bacterial (n = 57), fungal (n = 32), and viral (n = 32) coinfections. High frequencies of coinfection with COVID-19 were identified, with rates and outcomes varying by setting, pathogen, surveillance/detection method, population characteristics, and drug-resistance status. Mortality rates were higher in patients with community-acquired (10.0 −42.9 %) and hospital-acquired (51.5 −66 %) bacterial coinfection versus those without (10.5 −21.7 %). Outcomes were worse with than without fungal coinfection, and fatality rates with mucormycosis coinfection reached 66.7 %. Outcomes with viral coinfection were highly variable; however, some data suggested a positive corelation between COVID-19 severity and influenza A and adenovirus coinfection. The negative outcomes associated with bacterial, fungal and some viral coinfections in individuals with COVID-19 support regular vaccination against vaccine-preventable diseases caused by these pathogens, especially among at-risk populations.
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spelling doaj-art-592e053efee240178e7994d9db2e32e02024-12-29T04:47:01ZengElsevierJournal of Infection and Public Health1876-03412025-01-01181102600Narrative review of factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 coinfection in Middle Eastern countries and the need to vaccinate against preventable diseasesMajid Alshamrani0Fayssal Farahat1Ali Albarrak2Aiman El-Saed3Atef M. Shibl4Ziad A. Memish5Mostafa Mousa6Hammam Haridy7Abdulhakeem Althaqafi8Infection Prevention and Control Program, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia; King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 3660, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 3660, Riyadh 11481, Saudi ArabiaInfection Prevention and Control Program, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia; King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 3660, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 3660, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia; Corresponding author at: Infection Prevention and Control Program, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia.Infectious Disease Division, Internal Medicine Department, Prince Sultan Military Medical City, King Abdulaziz Street, Alwazarat Area, Riyadh 11165, Saudi ArabiaInfection Prevention and Control Program, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 22490, Riyadh 11426, Saudi Arabia; King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 3660, Riyadh 11481, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 3660, Riyadh 11481, Saudi ArabiaAlfaisal University, College of Medicine, P.O. Box 50927, Riyadh 11533, Saudi ArabiaAlfaisal University, College of Medicine, P.O. Box 50927, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia; King Salman Humanitarian Aid & Relief Center, King Abdullah Road, Riyadh 12371, Saudi Arabia; Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USAPfizer Medical Affairs, King Abdullah Financial District Building 4.07, 13519 Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaPfizer Medical & Scientific Affairs, Pfizer Building 6, Dubai, United Arab EmiratesAdult Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 9515, Jeddah 21423, Saudi Arabia; King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 9515, Jeddah 21423, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, P.O. Box 9515, Jeddah 21423, Saudi ArabiaThis review evaluated the frequency of, and outcomes associated with, bacterial, fungal, and viral coinfection with SARS-CoV-2 in Middle Eastern countries via a PubMed search through February 2023. Ninety articles reported bacterial (n = 57), fungal (n = 32), and viral (n = 32) coinfections. High frequencies of coinfection with COVID-19 were identified, with rates and outcomes varying by setting, pathogen, surveillance/detection method, population characteristics, and drug-resistance status. Mortality rates were higher in patients with community-acquired (10.0 −42.9 %) and hospital-acquired (51.5 −66 %) bacterial coinfection versus those without (10.5 −21.7 %). Outcomes were worse with than without fungal coinfection, and fatality rates with mucormycosis coinfection reached 66.7 %. Outcomes with viral coinfection were highly variable; however, some data suggested a positive corelation between COVID-19 severity and influenza A and adenovirus coinfection. The negative outcomes associated with bacterial, fungal and some viral coinfections in individuals with COVID-19 support regular vaccination against vaccine-preventable diseases caused by these pathogens, especially among at-risk populations.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876034124003344BacteriaCoinfectionCOVID-19FungiMiddle EastSARS-CoV-2 virus
spellingShingle Majid Alshamrani
Fayssal Farahat
Ali Albarrak
Aiman El-Saed
Atef M. Shibl
Ziad A. Memish
Mostafa Mousa
Hammam Haridy
Abdulhakeem Althaqafi
Narrative review of factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 coinfection in Middle Eastern countries and the need to vaccinate against preventable diseases
Journal of Infection and Public Health
Bacteria
Coinfection
COVID-19
Fungi
Middle East
SARS-CoV-2 virus
title Narrative review of factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 coinfection in Middle Eastern countries and the need to vaccinate against preventable diseases
title_full Narrative review of factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 coinfection in Middle Eastern countries and the need to vaccinate against preventable diseases
title_fullStr Narrative review of factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 coinfection in Middle Eastern countries and the need to vaccinate against preventable diseases
title_full_unstemmed Narrative review of factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 coinfection in Middle Eastern countries and the need to vaccinate against preventable diseases
title_short Narrative review of factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 coinfection in Middle Eastern countries and the need to vaccinate against preventable diseases
title_sort narrative review of factors associated with sars cov 2 coinfection in middle eastern countries and the need to vaccinate against preventable diseases
topic Bacteria
Coinfection
COVID-19
Fungi
Middle East
SARS-CoV-2 virus
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876034124003344
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