Irrigation of <i>Suaeda salsa</i> with Saline Wastewater and Microalgae: Improving Saline–Alkali Soil and Revealing the Composition and Function of Rhizosphere Bacteria
Limited research has been conducted on the potential and mechanisms of irrigating <i>Suaeda salsa</i> with wastewater and microalgae to improve saline–alkali land. This study used three irrigation treatments (freshwater, saline wastewater, and saline wastewater with microalgae) to irriga...
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MDPI AG
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/7/1653 |
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| author | Qiaoyun Yan Yitong Zhang Zhenting Xu Wenying Qu Junfeng Li Wenhao Li Chun Zhao Hongbo Ling |
| author_facet | Qiaoyun Yan Yitong Zhang Zhenting Xu Wenying Qu Junfeng Li Wenhao Li Chun Zhao Hongbo Ling |
| author_sort | Qiaoyun Yan |
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| description | Limited research has been conducted on the potential and mechanisms of irrigating <i>Suaeda salsa</i> with wastewater and microalgae to improve saline–alkali land. This study used three irrigation treatments (freshwater, saline wastewater, and saline wastewater with microalgae) to irrigate <i>S. salsa</i>, and microalgae promoted the growth of <i>S. salsa</i> and increased soil nutrient content, increasing available nitrogen (4.85%), available phosphorus (44.51%), and organic carbon (24.05%) while alleviating salt stress through reduced soil salinity (13.52%) and electrical conductivity (21.62%). These changes promoted eutrophic bacteria while inhibiting oligotrophic bacteria. Bacterial community composition exhibited significant variations, primarily driven by soil pH, total nitrogen, and organic carbon content. Notably, rhizosphere bacteria showed enhanced functional capabilities, with increased abundance of salt stress resistance and nitrogen metabolism-related genes compared to original soil, particularly under saline irrigation conditions. Furthermore, microalgae addition enriched nitrogen metabolism-related gene abundance. These findings revealed the potential role of key bacteria in enhancing plant growth and the soil environment and highlighted the potential of applying <i>S. salsa</i>, wastewater, and microalgae for the synergistic improvement of saline–alkali land. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-57a7bbdbd7b54f0c89886f56148d226b |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj-art-57a7bbdbd7b54f0c89886f56148d226b2025-08-20T03:56:46ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072025-07-01137165310.3390/microorganisms13071653Irrigation of <i>Suaeda salsa</i> with Saline Wastewater and Microalgae: Improving Saline–Alkali Soil and Revealing the Composition and Function of Rhizosphere BacteriaQiaoyun Yan0Yitong Zhang1Zhenting Xu2Wenying Qu3Junfeng Li4Wenhao Li5Chun Zhao6Hongbo Ling7College of Water Conservancy and Architecture Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, ChinaCollege of Water Conservancy and Architecture Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, ChinaCollege of Water Conservancy and Architecture Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, ChinaCollege of Water Conservancy and Architecture Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, ChinaCollege of Water Conservancy and Architecture Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, ChinaCollege of Water Conservancy and Architecture Engineering, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832000, ChinaKey Laboratory of the Three Gorges Reservoir Region’s Eco-Environment, Ministry of Education, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, ChinaXinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, ChinaLimited research has been conducted on the potential and mechanisms of irrigating <i>Suaeda salsa</i> with wastewater and microalgae to improve saline–alkali land. This study used three irrigation treatments (freshwater, saline wastewater, and saline wastewater with microalgae) to irrigate <i>S. salsa</i>, and microalgae promoted the growth of <i>S. salsa</i> and increased soil nutrient content, increasing available nitrogen (4.85%), available phosphorus (44.51%), and organic carbon (24.05%) while alleviating salt stress through reduced soil salinity (13.52%) and electrical conductivity (21.62%). These changes promoted eutrophic bacteria while inhibiting oligotrophic bacteria. Bacterial community composition exhibited significant variations, primarily driven by soil pH, total nitrogen, and organic carbon content. Notably, rhizosphere bacteria showed enhanced functional capabilities, with increased abundance of salt stress resistance and nitrogen metabolism-related genes compared to original soil, particularly under saline irrigation conditions. Furthermore, microalgae addition enriched nitrogen metabolism-related gene abundance. These findings revealed the potential role of key bacteria in enhancing plant growth and the soil environment and highlighted the potential of applying <i>S. salsa</i>, wastewater, and microalgae for the synergistic improvement of saline–alkali land.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/7/1653saline wastewatermicroalgae<i>Suaeda salsa</i>saline-alkali landbacterial communitycarbon and nitrogen metabolism |
| spellingShingle | Qiaoyun Yan Yitong Zhang Zhenting Xu Wenying Qu Junfeng Li Wenhao Li Chun Zhao Hongbo Ling Irrigation of <i>Suaeda salsa</i> with Saline Wastewater and Microalgae: Improving Saline–Alkali Soil and Revealing the Composition and Function of Rhizosphere Bacteria Microorganisms saline wastewater microalgae <i>Suaeda salsa</i> saline-alkali land bacterial community carbon and nitrogen metabolism |
| title | Irrigation of <i>Suaeda salsa</i> with Saline Wastewater and Microalgae: Improving Saline–Alkali Soil and Revealing the Composition and Function of Rhizosphere Bacteria |
| title_full | Irrigation of <i>Suaeda salsa</i> with Saline Wastewater and Microalgae: Improving Saline–Alkali Soil and Revealing the Composition and Function of Rhizosphere Bacteria |
| title_fullStr | Irrigation of <i>Suaeda salsa</i> with Saline Wastewater and Microalgae: Improving Saline–Alkali Soil and Revealing the Composition and Function of Rhizosphere Bacteria |
| title_full_unstemmed | Irrigation of <i>Suaeda salsa</i> with Saline Wastewater and Microalgae: Improving Saline–Alkali Soil and Revealing the Composition and Function of Rhizosphere Bacteria |
| title_short | Irrigation of <i>Suaeda salsa</i> with Saline Wastewater and Microalgae: Improving Saline–Alkali Soil and Revealing the Composition and Function of Rhizosphere Bacteria |
| title_sort | irrigation of i suaeda salsa i with saline wastewater and microalgae improving saline alkali soil and revealing the composition and function of rhizosphere bacteria |
| topic | saline wastewater microalgae <i>Suaeda salsa</i> saline-alkali land bacterial community carbon and nitrogen metabolism |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/7/1653 |
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