Conservation agriculture enhances maize yields and profitability in Mexico’s semi-arid highlands

Abstract Rainfed agriculture in semi-arid regions is affected by variable rainfall patterns, resulting in low yields under conventional farming systems. To address this issue, cropping systems based on conservation agriculture were evaluated in 2 field experiments on 17 farmers’ fields in the semi-a...

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Main Authors: Abel Saldivia-Tejeda, Miguel Ángel Uribe-Guerrero, Juan Manuel Rojas-Cruz, Ouorou Ganni Mariel Guera, Nele Verhulst, Simon Fonteyne
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2024-11-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-80928-8
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author Abel Saldivia-Tejeda
Miguel Ángel Uribe-Guerrero
Juan Manuel Rojas-Cruz
Ouorou Ganni Mariel Guera
Nele Verhulst
Simon Fonteyne
author_facet Abel Saldivia-Tejeda
Miguel Ángel Uribe-Guerrero
Juan Manuel Rojas-Cruz
Ouorou Ganni Mariel Guera
Nele Verhulst
Simon Fonteyne
author_sort Abel Saldivia-Tejeda
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Rainfed agriculture in semi-arid regions is affected by variable rainfall patterns, resulting in low yields under conventional farming systems. To address this issue, cropping systems based on conservation agriculture were evaluated in 2 field experiments on 17 farmers’ fields in the semi-arid highlands of Queretaro, Mexico, from 2013 to 2020, to assess yields and profitability. Monocropped maize (Zea mays L.) under conventional tillage was compared to growing maize on permanent beds with soil mulch, either monocropped or in rotation with triticale (X Triticum Secale Wittmack), oats (Avena sativa L.), or common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). In the San Juan del Rio field experiment, maize yields on permanent beds averaged from 2,475 to 3,517 kg ha− 1 over five years, exceeding 70% the yields under conventional tillage. In the Cadereyta field experiment, 4-year average maize yields on permanent beds ranged from 979 to 1,382 kg ha− 1 with no significant difference to those under conventional tillage. In farmers’ fields, maize on permanent beds yielded an average of 3,717 kg ha− 1, 70% higher than with conventional tillage. The most profitable system was permanent beds with a maize-bean rotation in field experiments and with maize monocropping in farmers’ fields. Overall, conservation agriculture can improve maize yields and profitability in Central Mexico’s semi-arid highlands.
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spelling doaj-art-579f19e136b24f45ab1bb1f1e2b3b3542024-12-01T12:17:45ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222024-11-0114111110.1038/s41598-024-80928-8Conservation agriculture enhances maize yields and profitability in Mexico’s semi-arid highlandsAbel Saldivia-Tejeda0Miguel Ángel Uribe-Guerrero1Juan Manuel Rojas-Cruz2Ouorou Ganni Mariel Guera3Nele Verhulst4Simon Fonteyne5International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Estado de MéxicoIndependent ConsultantIndependent ConsultantInternational Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Estado de MéxicoInternational Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Estado de MéxicoInternational Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Estado de MéxicoAbstract Rainfed agriculture in semi-arid regions is affected by variable rainfall patterns, resulting in low yields under conventional farming systems. To address this issue, cropping systems based on conservation agriculture were evaluated in 2 field experiments on 17 farmers’ fields in the semi-arid highlands of Queretaro, Mexico, from 2013 to 2020, to assess yields and profitability. Monocropped maize (Zea mays L.) under conventional tillage was compared to growing maize on permanent beds with soil mulch, either monocropped or in rotation with triticale (X Triticum Secale Wittmack), oats (Avena sativa L.), or common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.). In the San Juan del Rio field experiment, maize yields on permanent beds averaged from 2,475 to 3,517 kg ha− 1 over five years, exceeding 70% the yields under conventional tillage. In the Cadereyta field experiment, 4-year average maize yields on permanent beds ranged from 979 to 1,382 kg ha− 1 with no significant difference to those under conventional tillage. In farmers’ fields, maize on permanent beds yielded an average of 3,717 kg ha− 1, 70% higher than with conventional tillage. The most profitable system was permanent beds with a maize-bean rotation in field experiments and with maize monocropping in farmers’ fields. Overall, conservation agriculture can improve maize yields and profitability in Central Mexico’s semi-arid highlands.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-80928-8Conservation agricultureCrop rotationPermanent beds
spellingShingle Abel Saldivia-Tejeda
Miguel Ángel Uribe-Guerrero
Juan Manuel Rojas-Cruz
Ouorou Ganni Mariel Guera
Nele Verhulst
Simon Fonteyne
Conservation agriculture enhances maize yields and profitability in Mexico’s semi-arid highlands
Scientific Reports
Conservation agriculture
Crop rotation
Permanent beds
title Conservation agriculture enhances maize yields and profitability in Mexico’s semi-arid highlands
title_full Conservation agriculture enhances maize yields and profitability in Mexico’s semi-arid highlands
title_fullStr Conservation agriculture enhances maize yields and profitability in Mexico’s semi-arid highlands
title_full_unstemmed Conservation agriculture enhances maize yields and profitability in Mexico’s semi-arid highlands
title_short Conservation agriculture enhances maize yields and profitability in Mexico’s semi-arid highlands
title_sort conservation agriculture enhances maize yields and profitability in mexico s semi arid highlands
topic Conservation agriculture
Crop rotation
Permanent beds
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-80928-8
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