Geochemical fingerprints, evolution, and driving forces of groundwater in an alpine basin on Tibetan Plateau: Insights from unsupervised machine learning and objective weight allocation approaches

Study Region: Tongde Basin, a typical alpine basin on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau Study focus: Research on the hydrochemical pattern and availability of groundwater is very limited in alpine regions, which greatly hinders the rational ulitilization and scientific management of groundwater resou...

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Main Authors: Hongjie Yang, Yong Xiao, Shaokang Yang, Zhen Zhao, Shengbin Wang, Shanhu Xiao, Jie Wang, Yuqing Zhang, Jianhui Wang, Youjin Yuan, Ning Wang, Liwei Wang, Wenxu Hu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-12-01
Series:Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214581824004038
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author Hongjie Yang
Yong Xiao
Shaokang Yang
Zhen Zhao
Shengbin Wang
Shanhu Xiao
Jie Wang
Yuqing Zhang
Jianhui Wang
Youjin Yuan
Ning Wang
Liwei Wang
Wenxu Hu
author_facet Hongjie Yang
Yong Xiao
Shaokang Yang
Zhen Zhao
Shengbin Wang
Shanhu Xiao
Jie Wang
Yuqing Zhang
Jianhui Wang
Youjin Yuan
Ning Wang
Liwei Wang
Wenxu Hu
author_sort Hongjie Yang
collection DOAJ
description Study Region: Tongde Basin, a typical alpine basin on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau Study focus: Research on the hydrochemical pattern and availability of groundwater is very limited in alpine regions, which greatly hinders the rational ulitilization and scientific management of groundwater resources. Multiple approaches integrating self-organizing map, K-means, entropy weight were employed to elucidate the distinct hydrochemical evolution patterns and controlling mechanisms of groundwater in alpine basins with dense human activities. New hydrological insights for the region: Multiple hydrochemical evolution patterns were discovered for groundwater in present alpine basin on northeastern Tibetan Plateau. Groundwater presents a gradual hydrochemical evolution from the piedmont to the riverside under the natural regulation with the increasing of TDS and major ions along the flow path. While, groundwater at some sporadic sites is featured with relatively high total alkalinity due to carbonate mineral dissolution. The riverine groundwaters are regulated by the strong hydrodynamic condition of river and demonstrate fresher hydrochemical characteristics. Groundwaters in the irrigation areas are featured by elevated nitrate levels with a maximum of 42.86 mg/L, attributed to agricultural pollution inputs. A conceptual model was established to illustrate the distinct hydrochemical fingerprints, evolution patterns and controlling mechanisms of groundwater in alpine basins that with dense human activities. This research can enhance the understanding of groundwater chemical status, genesis and availability, and is beneficial for the conservation and sustainable management of groundwater resources in ecologically fragile alpine regions worldwide.
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spelling doaj-art-56f598a2f79d44f689ce88f33711e2a52024-12-08T06:10:51ZengElsevierJournal of Hydrology: Regional Studies2214-58182024-12-0156102054Geochemical fingerprints, evolution, and driving forces of groundwater in an alpine basin on Tibetan Plateau: Insights from unsupervised machine learning and objective weight allocation approachesHongjie Yang0Yong Xiao1Shaokang Yang2Zhen Zhao3Shengbin Wang4Shanhu Xiao5Jie Wang6Yuqing Zhang7Jianhui Wang8Youjin Yuan9Ning Wang10Liwei Wang11Wenxu Hu12Faculty of Geosciences and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, ChinaFaculty of Geosciences and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China; Correspondence to: No. 999 Xi’an road, Pidu District, Chengdu 611056, ChinaBureau of Qinghai Environmental Geological Prospecting, Xi’ning 810007, China; Key Lab of Geo-environment of Qinghai Province, Xi’ning 810007, ChinaBureau of Qinghai Environmental Geological Prospecting, Xi’ning 810007, China; Key Lab of Geo-environment of Qinghai Province, Xi’ning 810007, ChinaBureau of Qinghai Environmental Geological Prospecting, Xi’ning 810007, China; Key Lab of Geo-environment of Qinghai Province, Xi’ning 810007, ChinaBureau of Qinghai Environmental Geological Prospecting, Xi’ning 810007, China; Key Lab of Geo-environment of Qinghai Province, Xi’ning 810007, ChinaFaculty of Geosciences and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China; MOE Key Laboratory of Groundwater Circulation and Environmental Evolution, China University of Geosciences (Beijing), Beijing 100083, ChinaFaculty of Geosciences and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Water Cycling and Eco-Geological Processes, Xiamen 361021, China; Sichuan Province Engineering Technology Research Center of Ecological Mitigation of Geohazards in Tibet Plateau Transportation Corridors, Chengdu 611756, ChinaBureau of Qinghai Environmental Geological Prospecting, Xi’ning 810007, China; Key Lab of Geo-environment of Qinghai Province, Xi’ning 810007, ChinaBureau of Qinghai Environmental Geological Prospecting, Xi’ning 810007, China; Key Lab of Geo-environment of Qinghai Province, Xi’ning 810007, ChinaSchool of Water and Environment, Chang'an University, Xi'an 710054, ChinaFaculty of Geosciences and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China; Sichuan Province Engineering Technology Research Center of Ecological Mitigation of Geohazards in Tibet Plateau Transportation Corridors, Chengdu 611756, ChinaFaculty of Geosciences and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China; Sichuan Province Engineering Technology Research Center of Ecological Mitigation of Geohazards in Tibet Plateau Transportation Corridors, Chengdu 611756, ChinaStudy Region: Tongde Basin, a typical alpine basin on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau Study focus: Research on the hydrochemical pattern and availability of groundwater is very limited in alpine regions, which greatly hinders the rational ulitilization and scientific management of groundwater resources. Multiple approaches integrating self-organizing map, K-means, entropy weight were employed to elucidate the distinct hydrochemical evolution patterns and controlling mechanisms of groundwater in alpine basins with dense human activities. New hydrological insights for the region: Multiple hydrochemical evolution patterns were discovered for groundwater in present alpine basin on northeastern Tibetan Plateau. Groundwater presents a gradual hydrochemical evolution from the piedmont to the riverside under the natural regulation with the increasing of TDS and major ions along the flow path. While, groundwater at some sporadic sites is featured with relatively high total alkalinity due to carbonate mineral dissolution. The riverine groundwaters are regulated by the strong hydrodynamic condition of river and demonstrate fresher hydrochemical characteristics. Groundwaters in the irrigation areas are featured by elevated nitrate levels with a maximum of 42.86 mg/L, attributed to agricultural pollution inputs. A conceptual model was established to illustrate the distinct hydrochemical fingerprints, evolution patterns and controlling mechanisms of groundwater in alpine basins that with dense human activities. This research can enhance the understanding of groundwater chemical status, genesis and availability, and is beneficial for the conservation and sustainable management of groundwater resources in ecologically fragile alpine regions worldwide.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214581824004038Groundwater resourceHydrochemical evolutionAnthropogenic influenceSelf-organizing mapEntropy weight methodAlpine region
spellingShingle Hongjie Yang
Yong Xiao
Shaokang Yang
Zhen Zhao
Shengbin Wang
Shanhu Xiao
Jie Wang
Yuqing Zhang
Jianhui Wang
Youjin Yuan
Ning Wang
Liwei Wang
Wenxu Hu
Geochemical fingerprints, evolution, and driving forces of groundwater in an alpine basin on Tibetan Plateau: Insights from unsupervised machine learning and objective weight allocation approaches
Journal of Hydrology: Regional Studies
Groundwater resource
Hydrochemical evolution
Anthropogenic influence
Self-organizing map
Entropy weight method
Alpine region
title Geochemical fingerprints, evolution, and driving forces of groundwater in an alpine basin on Tibetan Plateau: Insights from unsupervised machine learning and objective weight allocation approaches
title_full Geochemical fingerprints, evolution, and driving forces of groundwater in an alpine basin on Tibetan Plateau: Insights from unsupervised machine learning and objective weight allocation approaches
title_fullStr Geochemical fingerprints, evolution, and driving forces of groundwater in an alpine basin on Tibetan Plateau: Insights from unsupervised machine learning and objective weight allocation approaches
title_full_unstemmed Geochemical fingerprints, evolution, and driving forces of groundwater in an alpine basin on Tibetan Plateau: Insights from unsupervised machine learning and objective weight allocation approaches
title_short Geochemical fingerprints, evolution, and driving forces of groundwater in an alpine basin on Tibetan Plateau: Insights from unsupervised machine learning and objective weight allocation approaches
title_sort geochemical fingerprints evolution and driving forces of groundwater in an alpine basin on tibetan plateau insights from unsupervised machine learning and objective weight allocation approaches
topic Groundwater resource
Hydrochemical evolution
Anthropogenic influence
Self-organizing map
Entropy weight method
Alpine region
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214581824004038
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