Dynamic effects of fixed orthodontic treatment on oral health and oral microbiota: a prospective study

Abstract Objective This prospective clinical study examined the effects of fixed orthodontic appliances on oral hygiene and assessed changes in the oral microflora structure of orthodontic patients using high-throughput sequencing technology. Methods A total of 45 patients undergoing initial fixed o...

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Main Authors: Mei Zhao, Chaoran Yu, Chengjun Su, Haiyan Wang, Xiaoyu Wang, Michael D. Weir, Hockin H. K. Xu, Min Liu, Yuxing Bai, Ning Zhang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2024-12-01
Series:BMC Oral Health
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-024-05356-6
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author Mei Zhao
Chaoran Yu
Chengjun Su
Haiyan Wang
Xiaoyu Wang
Michael D. Weir
Hockin H. K. Xu
Min Liu
Yuxing Bai
Ning Zhang
author_facet Mei Zhao
Chaoran Yu
Chengjun Su
Haiyan Wang
Xiaoyu Wang
Michael D. Weir
Hockin H. K. Xu
Min Liu
Yuxing Bai
Ning Zhang
author_sort Mei Zhao
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Objective This prospective clinical study examined the effects of fixed orthodontic appliances on oral hygiene and assessed changes in the oral microflora structure of orthodontic patients using high-throughput sequencing technology. Methods A total of 45 patients undergoing initial fixed orthodontic treatment were recruited from three hospitals in Beijing, China. Clinical parameters and oral hygiene habits questionnaire were recorded at pre-treatment (T0) and at a 6-month follow-up (T1). Saliva samples were collected for DNA extraction, PCR amplification, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and bioinformatics analysis. Microbial diversity and structural changes in abundance were evaluated. Results After six months of orthodontic treatment, patients’ daily brushing frequency increased (P ≤ 0.01), while the plaque index and the debris index decreased. A total of 3,344,549 valid tags were obtained from 90 saliva samples. After the six-month follow-up, the microbial diversity in patients’ saliva samples increased significantly. High-throughput sequencing identified 3,662 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs), with the dominant phyla being Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, Firmicutes, Actinobacteriota, Fusobacteriota, Patescibacteria, Campylobacterota and Spirochaetota. At the phylum level, the abundance of Firmicutes_C and Spirochaetota at T1 significantly increased compared to T0. Conclusion During fixed orthodontic treatment, although patients’ oral hygiene habits improved, significant changes in the oral microbiota structure were still observed, with an increase in anaerobic and pathogenic bacteria that may potentially impact oral health.
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spelling doaj-art-56f01ad4b0504218b043ad7248104a912024-12-22T12:51:25ZengBMCBMC Oral Health1472-68312024-12-012411910.1186/s12903-024-05356-6Dynamic effects of fixed orthodontic treatment on oral health and oral microbiota: a prospective studyMei Zhao0Chaoran Yu1Chengjun Su2Haiyan Wang3Xiaoyu Wang4Michael D. Weir5Hockin H. K. Xu6Min Liu7Yuxing Bai8Ning Zhang9School of Stomatology, Capital Medical UniversitySchool of Stomatology, Capital Medical UniversitySchool of Stomatology, Capital Medical UniversityDepartment of Stomatology, Beijing Chao Yang Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityDepartment of Stomatology, Beijing Tian Tan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityDepartment of Biomaterials and Regenerative Dental Medicine, University of Maryland School of DentistryDepartment of Biomaterials and Regenerative Dental Medicine, University of Maryland School of DentistrySchool of Stomatology, Capital Medical UniversitySchool of Stomatology, Capital Medical UniversitySchool of Stomatology, Capital Medical UniversityAbstract Objective This prospective clinical study examined the effects of fixed orthodontic appliances on oral hygiene and assessed changes in the oral microflora structure of orthodontic patients using high-throughput sequencing technology. Methods A total of 45 patients undergoing initial fixed orthodontic treatment were recruited from three hospitals in Beijing, China. Clinical parameters and oral hygiene habits questionnaire were recorded at pre-treatment (T0) and at a 6-month follow-up (T1). Saliva samples were collected for DNA extraction, PCR amplification, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, and bioinformatics analysis. Microbial diversity and structural changes in abundance were evaluated. Results After six months of orthodontic treatment, patients’ daily brushing frequency increased (P ≤ 0.01), while the plaque index and the debris index decreased. A total of 3,344,549 valid tags were obtained from 90 saliva samples. After the six-month follow-up, the microbial diversity in patients’ saliva samples increased significantly. High-throughput sequencing identified 3,662 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs), with the dominant phyla being Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, Firmicutes, Actinobacteriota, Fusobacteriota, Patescibacteria, Campylobacterota and Spirochaetota. At the phylum level, the abundance of Firmicutes_C and Spirochaetota at T1 significantly increased compared to T0. Conclusion During fixed orthodontic treatment, although patients’ oral hygiene habits improved, significant changes in the oral microbiota structure were still observed, with an increase in anaerobic and pathogenic bacteria that may potentially impact oral health.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-024-05356-6Orthodontic appliancesMicrobiotaMicrobiological analysis16S rRNA high-throughput sequencingEnamel demineralization
spellingShingle Mei Zhao
Chaoran Yu
Chengjun Su
Haiyan Wang
Xiaoyu Wang
Michael D. Weir
Hockin H. K. Xu
Min Liu
Yuxing Bai
Ning Zhang
Dynamic effects of fixed orthodontic treatment on oral health and oral microbiota: a prospective study
BMC Oral Health
Orthodontic appliances
Microbiota
Microbiological analysis
16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing
Enamel demineralization
title Dynamic effects of fixed orthodontic treatment on oral health and oral microbiota: a prospective study
title_full Dynamic effects of fixed orthodontic treatment on oral health and oral microbiota: a prospective study
title_fullStr Dynamic effects of fixed orthodontic treatment on oral health and oral microbiota: a prospective study
title_full_unstemmed Dynamic effects of fixed orthodontic treatment on oral health and oral microbiota: a prospective study
title_short Dynamic effects of fixed orthodontic treatment on oral health and oral microbiota: a prospective study
title_sort dynamic effects of fixed orthodontic treatment on oral health and oral microbiota a prospective study
topic Orthodontic appliances
Microbiota
Microbiological analysis
16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing
Enamel demineralization
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-024-05356-6
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