Analysis of the Antibiotic-Potentiating Activity, Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion (ADME) and the Molecular Docking Properties of Phytol Against Multi-Drug-Resistant (MDR) Strains

<b>Background:</b> Phytol is a diterpene from the long-chain unsaturated acyclic alcohols, known for its diverse biological effects, including antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities. Present in essential oils, phytol is a promising candidate for various applications in the pharma...

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Main Authors: José Weverton Almeida-Bezerra, Saulo Almeida Menezes, José Thyálisson da Costa Silva, Simone Galdino de Sousa, Daniel Sampaio Alves, Gabriel Gonçalves Alencar, Isaac Moura Araújo, Ewerton Yago de Sousa Rodrigues, Cícera Datiane de Morais Oliveira-Tintino, Rafael Pereira da Cruz, Janaína Esmeraldo Rocha, Saulo Relison Tintino, José Maria Barbosa-Filho, Maria Flaviana Bezerra Morais-Braga, Irwin Rose Alencar de Menezes, António Raposo, Henrique Douglas Melo Coutinho
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Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-12-01
Series:Antibiotics
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/13/12/1171
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author José Weverton Almeida-Bezerra
Saulo Almeida Menezes
José Thyálisson da Costa Silva
Simone Galdino de Sousa
Daniel Sampaio Alves
Gabriel Gonçalves Alencar
Isaac Moura Araújo
Ewerton Yago de Sousa Rodrigues
Cícera Datiane de Morais Oliveira-Tintino
Rafael Pereira da Cruz
Janaína Esmeraldo Rocha
Saulo Relison Tintino
José Maria Barbosa-Filho
Maria Flaviana Bezerra Morais-Braga
Irwin Rose Alencar de Menezes
António Raposo
Henrique Douglas Melo Coutinho
author_facet José Weverton Almeida-Bezerra
Saulo Almeida Menezes
José Thyálisson da Costa Silva
Simone Galdino de Sousa
Daniel Sampaio Alves
Gabriel Gonçalves Alencar
Isaac Moura Araújo
Ewerton Yago de Sousa Rodrigues
Cícera Datiane de Morais Oliveira-Tintino
Rafael Pereira da Cruz
Janaína Esmeraldo Rocha
Saulo Relison Tintino
José Maria Barbosa-Filho
Maria Flaviana Bezerra Morais-Braga
Irwin Rose Alencar de Menezes
António Raposo
Henrique Douglas Melo Coutinho
author_sort José Weverton Almeida-Bezerra
collection DOAJ
description <b>Background:</b> Phytol is a diterpene from the long-chain unsaturated acyclic alcohols, known for its diverse biological effects, including antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities. Present in essential oils, phytol is a promising candidate for various applications in the pharmaceutical and biotechnological sectors. This study aimed to evaluate the <i>in vitro</i> antibacterial and drug-potentiating effects of phytol against multidrug-resistant bacteria and to evaluate its <i>in silico</i> properties: ADME and molecular docking. <b>Methods:</b> The <i>in vitro</i> antibacterial activity of phytol and the phytol combined with conventional drugs was evaluated by microdilution tests against standard and resistant bacterial strains. Finally, the SwissADME platform was employed to analyse the physicochemical and pharmacokinetic characteristics of phytol. <b>Results:</b> Phytol significantly reduced the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of norfloxacin and gentamicin required to inhibit multidrug-resistant strains of <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, respectively. Additionally, ADME analysis revealed that phytol exhibits low toxicity and favourable pharmacokinetic properties; in addition, it is revealed through molecular docking that phytol showed a relevant affinity with the proteins 6GJ1 and 5KDR, however, with values lower than the drugs gentamicin and ampicillin. <b>Conclusions:</b> Collectively, these findings suggest that phytol holds potential as an effective adjuvant in combating antimicrobial resistance.
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series Antibiotics
spelling doaj-art-56c8112b561a4e5896a3e59b7c18338d2024-12-27T14:06:15ZengMDPI AGAntibiotics2079-63822024-12-011312117110.3390/antibiotics13121171Analysis of the Antibiotic-Potentiating Activity, Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion (ADME) and the Molecular Docking Properties of Phytol Against Multi-Drug-Resistant (MDR) StrainsJosé Weverton Almeida-Bezerra0Saulo Almeida Menezes1José Thyálisson da Costa Silva2Simone Galdino de Sousa3Daniel Sampaio Alves4Gabriel Gonçalves Alencar5Isaac Moura Araújo6Ewerton Yago de Sousa Rodrigues7Cícera Datiane de Morais Oliveira-Tintino8Rafael Pereira da Cruz9Janaína Esmeraldo Rocha10Saulo Relison Tintino11José Maria Barbosa-Filho12Maria Flaviana Bezerra Morais-Braga13Irwin Rose Alencar de Menezes14António Raposo15Henrique Douglas Melo Coutinho16Department of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri—URCA, Crato 63105-000, CE, BrazilBiotechnology Center, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul—UFRGS, Porto Alegre 91501-970, RS, BrazilDepartment of Biological Sciences, Regional University of Cariri—URCA, Crato 63105-000, CE, BrazilDepartment of Biological Sciences, Regional University of Cariri—URCA, Crato 63105-000, CE, BrazilDepartment of Biological Sciences, Regional University of Cariri—URCA, Crato 63105-000, CE, BrazilDepartment of Biological Sciences, Regional University of Cariri—URCA, Crato 63105-000, CE, BrazilDepartment of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri—URCA, Crato 63105-000, CE, BrazilDepartment of Biological Sciences, Regional University of Cariri—URCA, Crato 63105-000, CE, BrazilDepartment of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri—URCA, Crato 63105-000, CE, BrazilDepartment of Biological Sciences, Regional University of Cariri—URCA, Crato 63105-000, CE, BrazilCenter of Science and Technology CCT, State University of Ceara—UECE, Fortaleza 63100-000, CE, BrazilDepartment of Biological Sciences, Regional University of Cariri—URCA, Crato 63105-000, CE, BrazilDepartment of Pharmacy, Federal University of Paraíba—UFPB, João Pessoa 58059-900, PB, BrazilDepartment of Biological Sciences, Regional University of Cariri—URCA, Crato 63105-000, CE, BrazilDepartment of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri—URCA, Crato 63105-000, CE, BrazilCBIOS (Research Center for Biosciences and Health Technologies), Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, Campo Grande 376, 1749-024 Lisboa, PortugalDepartment of Biological Chemistry, Regional University of Cariri—URCA, Crato 63105-000, CE, Brazil<b>Background:</b> Phytol is a diterpene from the long-chain unsaturated acyclic alcohols, known for its diverse biological effects, including antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory activities. Present in essential oils, phytol is a promising candidate for various applications in the pharmaceutical and biotechnological sectors. This study aimed to evaluate the <i>in vitro</i> antibacterial and drug-potentiating effects of phytol against multidrug-resistant bacteria and to evaluate its <i>in silico</i> properties: ADME and molecular docking. <b>Methods:</b> The <i>in vitro</i> antibacterial activity of phytol and the phytol combined with conventional drugs was evaluated by microdilution tests against standard and resistant bacterial strains. Finally, the SwissADME platform was employed to analyse the physicochemical and pharmacokinetic characteristics of phytol. <b>Results:</b> Phytol significantly reduced the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) of norfloxacin and gentamicin required to inhibit multidrug-resistant strains of <i>Escherichia coli</i> and <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, respectively. Additionally, ADME analysis revealed that phytol exhibits low toxicity and favourable pharmacokinetic properties; in addition, it is revealed through molecular docking that phytol showed a relevant affinity with the proteins 6GJ1 and 5KDR, however, with values lower than the drugs gentamicin and ampicillin. <b>Conclusions:</b> Collectively, these findings suggest that phytol holds potential as an effective adjuvant in combating antimicrobial resistance.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/13/12/1171antibacterialantimicrobial resistancediterpene<i>Escherichia coli</i>
spellingShingle José Weverton Almeida-Bezerra
Saulo Almeida Menezes
José Thyálisson da Costa Silva
Simone Galdino de Sousa
Daniel Sampaio Alves
Gabriel Gonçalves Alencar
Isaac Moura Araújo
Ewerton Yago de Sousa Rodrigues
Cícera Datiane de Morais Oliveira-Tintino
Rafael Pereira da Cruz
Janaína Esmeraldo Rocha
Saulo Relison Tintino
José Maria Barbosa-Filho
Maria Flaviana Bezerra Morais-Braga
Irwin Rose Alencar de Menezes
António Raposo
Henrique Douglas Melo Coutinho
Analysis of the Antibiotic-Potentiating Activity, Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion (ADME) and the Molecular Docking Properties of Phytol Against Multi-Drug-Resistant (MDR) Strains
Antibiotics
antibacterial
antimicrobial resistance
diterpene
<i>Escherichia coli</i>
title Analysis of the Antibiotic-Potentiating Activity, Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion (ADME) and the Molecular Docking Properties of Phytol Against Multi-Drug-Resistant (MDR) Strains
title_full Analysis of the Antibiotic-Potentiating Activity, Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion (ADME) and the Molecular Docking Properties of Phytol Against Multi-Drug-Resistant (MDR) Strains
title_fullStr Analysis of the Antibiotic-Potentiating Activity, Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion (ADME) and the Molecular Docking Properties of Phytol Against Multi-Drug-Resistant (MDR) Strains
title_full_unstemmed Analysis of the Antibiotic-Potentiating Activity, Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion (ADME) and the Molecular Docking Properties of Phytol Against Multi-Drug-Resistant (MDR) Strains
title_short Analysis of the Antibiotic-Potentiating Activity, Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion (ADME) and the Molecular Docking Properties of Phytol Against Multi-Drug-Resistant (MDR) Strains
title_sort analysis of the antibiotic potentiating activity absorption distribution metabolism and excretion adme and the molecular docking properties of phytol against multi drug resistant mdr strains
topic antibacterial
antimicrobial resistance
diterpene
<i>Escherichia coli</i>
url https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/13/12/1171
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