Electroencephalography: electrode arrays in dogs
Electroencephalography (EEG) is the gold standard for confirming epileptic seizures in both human and veterinary patients. Despite idiopathic epilepsy being one of the most common neurological conditions in dogs, our understanding of it in veterinary medicine lags that in human medicine. The relativ...
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| Format: | Article |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2024.1402546/full |
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| author | Stephen Everest Luis Gaitero Robert Dony Alexander Zur Linden Miguel A. Cortez Fiona M. K. James |
| author_facet | Stephen Everest Luis Gaitero Robert Dony Alexander Zur Linden Miguel A. Cortez Fiona M. K. James |
| author_sort | Stephen Everest |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Electroencephalography (EEG) is the gold standard for confirming epileptic seizures in both human and veterinary patients. Despite idiopathic epilepsy being one of the most common neurological conditions in dogs, our understanding of it in veterinary medicine lags that in human medicine. The relative underuse of EEG in dogs with seizures has potential causes including practical issues, financial concerns, lack of training/equipment, and questions of clinical value. This technological underuse may lead to, or result from, major gaps in our understanding of EEG in veterinary patients. This underutilization of EEG is of significant clinical relevance because the diagnosis of specific epilepsy syndromes in humans guides the treatment, namely pharmacological, dietary, or surgical. These epilepsy syndromes are diagnosed based on several factors, one of which is the characteristic electrical brain activity on EEG. The aim of this narrative literature review was to highlight the study of cortical brain activity to improve our understanding of EEG in veterinary medicine. Specifically, the utility of EEG with focus on the existing proposed electrode arrays and their current supporting evidence. A recent survey study confirmed that a variety of canine EEG protocols are concurrently in use, including diverse electrode arrays. By comparison, in humans there is a standardized 10–20 electrode array, with average localization error of 13–17 mm depending on the number of placed electrodes on the scalp. We offer a review of the factors that would contribute to the ideal canine EEG electrode array highlighting areas for improvement and future validation. This proposed level of understanding will facilitate the identification of cortical seizure foci with a known degree of error, paving the way for non-pharmaceutical interventions like epilepsy surgeries. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-54dbc15efe8249a7ab9e080b70a8caf2 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2297-1769 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-54dbc15efe8249a7ab9e080b70a8caf22024-11-14T09:43:51ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Veterinary Science2297-17692024-11-011110.3389/fvets.2024.14025461402546Electroencephalography: electrode arrays in dogsStephen Everest0Luis Gaitero1Robert Dony2Alexander Zur Linden3Miguel A. Cortez4Fiona M. K. James5Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College Health Sciences Centre, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, CanadaDepartment of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College Health Sciences Centre, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, CanadaSchool of Engineering, College of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, CanadaDepartment of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College Health Sciences Centre, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, CanadaDivision of Neurology, Department of Paediatrics, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto; Neurosciences & Mental Health Program, Peter Gilgan Center Research Learning, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, ON, CanadaDepartment of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College Health Sciences Centre, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, CanadaElectroencephalography (EEG) is the gold standard for confirming epileptic seizures in both human and veterinary patients. Despite idiopathic epilepsy being one of the most common neurological conditions in dogs, our understanding of it in veterinary medicine lags that in human medicine. The relative underuse of EEG in dogs with seizures has potential causes including practical issues, financial concerns, lack of training/equipment, and questions of clinical value. This technological underuse may lead to, or result from, major gaps in our understanding of EEG in veterinary patients. This underutilization of EEG is of significant clinical relevance because the diagnosis of specific epilepsy syndromes in humans guides the treatment, namely pharmacological, dietary, or surgical. These epilepsy syndromes are diagnosed based on several factors, one of which is the characteristic electrical brain activity on EEG. The aim of this narrative literature review was to highlight the study of cortical brain activity to improve our understanding of EEG in veterinary medicine. Specifically, the utility of EEG with focus on the existing proposed electrode arrays and their current supporting evidence. A recent survey study confirmed that a variety of canine EEG protocols are concurrently in use, including diverse electrode arrays. By comparison, in humans there is a standardized 10–20 electrode array, with average localization error of 13–17 mm depending on the number of placed electrodes on the scalp. We offer a review of the factors that would contribute to the ideal canine EEG electrode array highlighting areas for improvement and future validation. This proposed level of understanding will facilitate the identification of cortical seizure foci with a known degree of error, paving the way for non-pharmaceutical interventions like epilepsy surgeries.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2024.1402546/fulldogselectroencephalographyepilepsyseizuresstandardized electrode placement |
| spellingShingle | Stephen Everest Luis Gaitero Robert Dony Alexander Zur Linden Miguel A. Cortez Fiona M. K. James Electroencephalography: electrode arrays in dogs Frontiers in Veterinary Science dogs electroencephalography epilepsy seizures standardized electrode placement |
| title | Electroencephalography: electrode arrays in dogs |
| title_full | Electroencephalography: electrode arrays in dogs |
| title_fullStr | Electroencephalography: electrode arrays in dogs |
| title_full_unstemmed | Electroencephalography: electrode arrays in dogs |
| title_short | Electroencephalography: electrode arrays in dogs |
| title_sort | electroencephalography electrode arrays in dogs |
| topic | dogs electroencephalography epilepsy seizures standardized electrode placement |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2024.1402546/full |
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