Assessing the detection and interaction of Lawsonia intracellularis and porcine circovirus 2 in low and high-performance wean-to-finish pig groups in different porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus detection scenarios
IntroductionEffective disease management strategies are essential for achieving optimal pig performance, ensuring high-quality animal health and welfare, and maintaining the economic viability of swine systems. Thus, understanding factors that lead to more or less severe disease are critically impor...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2024.1535803/full |
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| author | Guilherme Cezar Fernando L. Leite Eduardo Fano Reid Phillips John Waddell Kate Dion Edison Magalhães Giovani Trevisan Gustavo Silva Daniel C. Linhares |
| author_facet | Guilherme Cezar Fernando L. Leite Eduardo Fano Reid Phillips John Waddell Kate Dion Edison Magalhães Giovani Trevisan Gustavo Silva Daniel C. Linhares |
| author_sort | Guilherme Cezar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | IntroductionEffective disease management strategies are essential for achieving optimal pig performance, ensuring high-quality animal health and welfare, and maintaining the economic viability of swine systems. Thus, understanding factors that lead to more or less severe disease are critically important. Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and Lawsonia intracellularis (L. intracellularis) are endemic pathogens in the U.S., affecting herds with varying degrees of subclinical and clinical disease and impact on performance. While these are common pathogens, their interaction with PRRSV and performance has seldom been investigated. This study investigated the detection dynamics of L. intracellularis, PRRSV, and PCV2, and their association with productivity impacts in wean-to-finish groups within a Midwest U.S. production system.MethodologyThis observational field study involved batches of growing pigs from PRRSV-stable or PRRSV-negative sow farms. Oral fluids were collected longitudinally from weaning until market age, and tested using quantitative PCR for each of the aforementioned pathogens. The study included 36 batches with a total of 46,446 growing pigs, resulting in 4,000 oral fluid samples. Then, batches were categorized based on key performance indicators (mortality and average daily gain), PRRSV detection timing and total genomic copies of each pathogen.ResultsNineteen groups were characterized as high-performance and seventeen as low-performance. Mortality ranged from 5 to 9% in high-performance groups and 10.3–20.9% in low-performance groups. Average daily gain ranged from 0.68–0.86 kg in high-performance groups and 0.63–0.81 kg in low-performance groups. L. intracellularis and PCV2 were detected in most groups, with significant differences in detection rates between high and low-performance groups. Groups with relatively high genomic copies of PCV2 and L. intracellularis that had PRRSV detection presented higher mortality rates (15.75%).DiscussionThis study expanded our understanding of PRRSV, PCV2, and L. intracellularis co-detections and their impact on swine populations. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-54d8dc1fb0404f8cbc6bde8efb923a93 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2297-1769 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
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| series | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
| spelling | doaj-art-54d8dc1fb0404f8cbc6bde8efb923a932025-01-15T14:50:25ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Veterinary Science2297-17692025-01-011110.3389/fvets.2024.15358031535803Assessing the detection and interaction of Lawsonia intracellularis and porcine circovirus 2 in low and high-performance wean-to-finish pig groups in different porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus detection scenariosGuilherme Cezar0Fernando L. Leite1Eduardo Fano2Reid Phillips3John Waddell4Kate Dion5Edison Magalhães6Giovani Trevisan7Gustavo Silva8Daniel C. Linhares9Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United StatesBoehringer Ingelheim Animal Health USA Inc., Duluth, GA, United StatesDepartment of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United StatesBoehringer Ingelheim Animal Health USA Inc., Duluth, GA, United StatesBoehringer Ingelheim Animal Health USA Inc., Duluth, GA, United StatesDepartment of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United StatesDepartment of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United StatesDepartment of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United StatesDepartment of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United StatesDepartment of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United StatesIntroductionEffective disease management strategies are essential for achieving optimal pig performance, ensuring high-quality animal health and welfare, and maintaining the economic viability of swine systems. Thus, understanding factors that lead to more or less severe disease are critically important. Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) and Lawsonia intracellularis (L. intracellularis) are endemic pathogens in the U.S., affecting herds with varying degrees of subclinical and clinical disease and impact on performance. While these are common pathogens, their interaction with PRRSV and performance has seldom been investigated. This study investigated the detection dynamics of L. intracellularis, PRRSV, and PCV2, and their association with productivity impacts in wean-to-finish groups within a Midwest U.S. production system.MethodologyThis observational field study involved batches of growing pigs from PRRSV-stable or PRRSV-negative sow farms. Oral fluids were collected longitudinally from weaning until market age, and tested using quantitative PCR for each of the aforementioned pathogens. The study included 36 batches with a total of 46,446 growing pigs, resulting in 4,000 oral fluid samples. Then, batches were categorized based on key performance indicators (mortality and average daily gain), PRRSV detection timing and total genomic copies of each pathogen.ResultsNineteen groups were characterized as high-performance and seventeen as low-performance. Mortality ranged from 5 to 9% in high-performance groups and 10.3–20.9% in low-performance groups. Average daily gain ranged from 0.68–0.86 kg in high-performance groups and 0.63–0.81 kg in low-performance groups. L. intracellularis and PCV2 were detected in most groups, with significant differences in detection rates between high and low-performance groups. Groups with relatively high genomic copies of PCV2 and L. intracellularis that had PRRSV detection presented higher mortality rates (15.75%).DiscussionThis study expanded our understanding of PRRSV, PCV2, and L. intracellularis co-detections and their impact on swine populations.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2024.1535803/fullco-detectionoral fluidPCV2PRRSVLawsonia intracellularispathogen |
| spellingShingle | Guilherme Cezar Fernando L. Leite Eduardo Fano Reid Phillips John Waddell Kate Dion Edison Magalhães Giovani Trevisan Gustavo Silva Daniel C. Linhares Assessing the detection and interaction of Lawsonia intracellularis and porcine circovirus 2 in low and high-performance wean-to-finish pig groups in different porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus detection scenarios Frontiers in Veterinary Science co-detection oral fluid PCV2 PRRSV Lawsonia intracellularis pathogen |
| title | Assessing the detection and interaction of Lawsonia intracellularis and porcine circovirus 2 in low and high-performance wean-to-finish pig groups in different porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus detection scenarios |
| title_full | Assessing the detection and interaction of Lawsonia intracellularis and porcine circovirus 2 in low and high-performance wean-to-finish pig groups in different porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus detection scenarios |
| title_fullStr | Assessing the detection and interaction of Lawsonia intracellularis and porcine circovirus 2 in low and high-performance wean-to-finish pig groups in different porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus detection scenarios |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessing the detection and interaction of Lawsonia intracellularis and porcine circovirus 2 in low and high-performance wean-to-finish pig groups in different porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus detection scenarios |
| title_short | Assessing the detection and interaction of Lawsonia intracellularis and porcine circovirus 2 in low and high-performance wean-to-finish pig groups in different porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus detection scenarios |
| title_sort | assessing the detection and interaction of lawsonia intracellularis and porcine circovirus 2 in low and high performance wean to finish pig groups in different porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus detection scenarios |
| topic | co-detection oral fluid PCV2 PRRSV Lawsonia intracellularis pathogen |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2024.1535803/full |
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