Enhanced Indonesian Throughflow heat transport prolongs the recharge process during triple La Niña events
The Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) serves as the only tropical branch of the Great Ocean Conveyer Belt, and plays an important role in Indo-Pacific Basin interactions. By calculating the heat budget during single and triple La Niña events (1973–1976, 1998–2000, 2020–2023), we quantified the contributi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IOP Publishing
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Environmental Research Letters |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ada04d |
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| author | Ziyang Cao Mingting Li Arnold L Gordon Dongxiao Wang |
| author_facet | Ziyang Cao Mingting Li Arnold L Gordon Dongxiao Wang |
| author_sort | Ziyang Cao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) serves as the only tropical branch of the Great Ocean Conveyer Belt, and plays an important role in Indo-Pacific Basin interactions. By calculating the heat budget during single and triple La Niña events (1973–1976, 1998–2000, 2020–2023), we quantified the contribution of enhanced ITF heat transport to prolonging the recharge process during triple La Niña events. During triple La Niña events, the accumulated heat transported by the ITF is about −15.01 ZJ (more than twice that for single events), nearly offsetting the positive contribution of net heat flux from the atmosphere over the Pacific Ocean. Single La Niña events are confined to thermal processes within the Pacific Ocean, while triple events are products of basin interactions, and the ITF serves as a crucial oceanic link between the tropical Indian and Pacific Oceans. The enhanced heat transport of the ITF is concentrated in the subsurface layer (100–200 m), significantly during the second year of a triple La Niña event. The accumulation of enhanced ITF heat transport in the subsurface layer effectively expands the recharge–discharge area from the western Pacific to the eastern Indian Ocean, with the ensuing discharge process of the tropical Indian Ocean along with sustained La Niña conditions in the Pacific Ocean. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-547e5a4e0a9e4cf394b44a117b313fb8 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1748-9326 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Environmental Research Letters |
| spelling | doaj-art-547e5a4e0a9e4cf394b44a117b313fb82025-01-07T13:40:08ZengIOP PublishingEnvironmental Research Letters1748-93262025-01-0120101407110.1088/1748-9326/ada04dEnhanced Indonesian Throughflow heat transport prolongs the recharge process during triple La Niña eventsZiyang Cao0https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7704-842XMingting Li1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2332-4262Arnold L Gordon2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6480-6095Dongxiao Wang3School of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory , Zhuhai, People’s Republic of ChinaSchool of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory , Zhuhai, People’s Republic of ChinaLamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University , Palisades, NY, United States of AmericaSchool of Marine Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory , Zhuhai, People’s Republic of ChinaThe Indonesian Throughflow (ITF) serves as the only tropical branch of the Great Ocean Conveyer Belt, and plays an important role in Indo-Pacific Basin interactions. By calculating the heat budget during single and triple La Niña events (1973–1976, 1998–2000, 2020–2023), we quantified the contribution of enhanced ITF heat transport to prolonging the recharge process during triple La Niña events. During triple La Niña events, the accumulated heat transported by the ITF is about −15.01 ZJ (more than twice that for single events), nearly offsetting the positive contribution of net heat flux from the atmosphere over the Pacific Ocean. Single La Niña events are confined to thermal processes within the Pacific Ocean, while triple events are products of basin interactions, and the ITF serves as a crucial oceanic link between the tropical Indian and Pacific Oceans. The enhanced heat transport of the ITF is concentrated in the subsurface layer (100–200 m), significantly during the second year of a triple La Niña event. The accumulation of enhanced ITF heat transport in the subsurface layer effectively expands the recharge–discharge area from the western Pacific to the eastern Indian Ocean, with the ensuing discharge process of the tropical Indian Ocean along with sustained La Niña conditions in the Pacific Ocean.https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ada04dIndonesian Throughflowtriple La NiñaSubsurfaceheat transport |
| spellingShingle | Ziyang Cao Mingting Li Arnold L Gordon Dongxiao Wang Enhanced Indonesian Throughflow heat transport prolongs the recharge process during triple La Niña events Environmental Research Letters Indonesian Throughflow triple La Niña Subsurface heat transport |
| title | Enhanced Indonesian Throughflow heat transport prolongs the recharge process during triple La Niña events |
| title_full | Enhanced Indonesian Throughflow heat transport prolongs the recharge process during triple La Niña events |
| title_fullStr | Enhanced Indonesian Throughflow heat transport prolongs the recharge process during triple La Niña events |
| title_full_unstemmed | Enhanced Indonesian Throughflow heat transport prolongs the recharge process during triple La Niña events |
| title_short | Enhanced Indonesian Throughflow heat transport prolongs the recharge process during triple La Niña events |
| title_sort | enhanced indonesian throughflow heat transport prolongs the recharge process during triple la nina events |
| topic | Indonesian Throughflow triple La Niña Subsurface heat transport |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ada04d |
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