Risk stratification and clinical classification for postoperative neurological complications in post-tuberculosis kyphosis: a retrospective cohort study

Abstract Purpose This study aimed to identify risk factors for postoperative neurological complications in patients with post-tuberculosis kyphosis undergoing posterior corrective surgery and to develop a classification system for preoperative risk stratification. Methods We retrospectively analyzed...

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Main Authors: Jianqiang Wang, Yong Hai, Haoshuang Geng, Zhangfu Li, Yuzeng Liu, Yangpu Zhang, Lijin Zhou
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-025-06112-4
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author Jianqiang Wang
Yong Hai
Haoshuang Geng
Zhangfu Li
Yuzeng Liu
Yangpu Zhang
Lijin Zhou
author_facet Jianqiang Wang
Yong Hai
Haoshuang Geng
Zhangfu Li
Yuzeng Liu
Yangpu Zhang
Lijin Zhou
author_sort Jianqiang Wang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Purpose This study aimed to identify risk factors for postoperative neurological complications in patients with post-tuberculosis kyphosis undergoing posterior corrective surgery and to develop a classification system for preoperative risk stratification. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 51 patients with post-tuberculosis kyphosis who underwent single-stage posterior osteotomy and correction at our institution. Radiographic parameters, including the kyphotic angle, cross-sectional area ratio of the spinal cord (CSAR), and spinal cord angle (SCA), alongside surgical factors such as intraoperative blood loss and osteotomy grade, were evaluated. Postoperative neurological complications were recorded. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed to identify potential influencing factors. Based on the interaction between these factors, a clinical classification system for post-tuberculosis kyphosis was established to stratify the risk of postoperative neurological complications. Results A minimum 2-year follow-up was conducted for the 51 patients with post-tuberculosis kyphosis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the Baltalimani sign, spinal cord MRI type, Rajasekaran classification, three-column osteotomy, C-reactive protein (CRP), and SCA were significant risk factors for postoperative neurological complications. Two risk prediction models were developed accordingly. Synergistic interactions were identified between spinal cord MRI type and Rajasekaran classification, as well as between CRP and SCA. These findings informed the development of two clinical classification systems: the Mechanical Classification (AUC = 0.751) and the Imaging-Biomarker Classification (AUC = 0.883). The area under the curve (AUC) for both classifications demonstrated good predictive performance, with the DeLong test indicating superior efficacy for the Imaging-Biomarker Classification (P = 0.039). Conclusion Spinal structural instability, spinal cord compression, osteotomy grade, and elevated CRP levels may all contribute to an increased risk of postoperative neurological complications in patients with post-tuberculosis kyphosis. The clinical classification systems established herein facilitate precise risk stratification, enabling targeted preoperative interventions to mitigate surgical risks and enhance surgical outcomes.
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spelling doaj-art-541b2d1ff37e4f16a4f208600d6ae2ce2025-08-20T04:03:00ZengBMCJournal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research1749-799X2025-07-012011910.1186/s13018-025-06112-4Risk stratification and clinical classification for postoperative neurological complications in post-tuberculosis kyphosis: a retrospective cohort studyJianqiang Wang0Yong Hai1Haoshuang Geng2Zhangfu Li3Yuzeng Liu4Yangpu Zhang5Lijin Zhou6Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University of ChinaDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University of ChinaDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University of ChinaDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University of ChinaDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University of ChinaDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University of ChinaDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University of ChinaAbstract Purpose This study aimed to identify risk factors for postoperative neurological complications in patients with post-tuberculosis kyphosis undergoing posterior corrective surgery and to develop a classification system for preoperative risk stratification. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 51 patients with post-tuberculosis kyphosis who underwent single-stage posterior osteotomy and correction at our institution. Radiographic parameters, including the kyphotic angle, cross-sectional area ratio of the spinal cord (CSAR), and spinal cord angle (SCA), alongside surgical factors such as intraoperative blood loss and osteotomy grade, were evaluated. Postoperative neurological complications were recorded. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were employed to identify potential influencing factors. Based on the interaction between these factors, a clinical classification system for post-tuberculosis kyphosis was established to stratify the risk of postoperative neurological complications. Results A minimum 2-year follow-up was conducted for the 51 patients with post-tuberculosis kyphosis. Multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that the Baltalimani sign, spinal cord MRI type, Rajasekaran classification, three-column osteotomy, C-reactive protein (CRP), and SCA were significant risk factors for postoperative neurological complications. Two risk prediction models were developed accordingly. Synergistic interactions were identified between spinal cord MRI type and Rajasekaran classification, as well as between CRP and SCA. These findings informed the development of two clinical classification systems: the Mechanical Classification (AUC = 0.751) and the Imaging-Biomarker Classification (AUC = 0.883). The area under the curve (AUC) for both classifications demonstrated good predictive performance, with the DeLong test indicating superior efficacy for the Imaging-Biomarker Classification (P = 0.039). Conclusion Spinal structural instability, spinal cord compression, osteotomy grade, and elevated CRP levels may all contribute to an increased risk of postoperative neurological complications in patients with post-tuberculosis kyphosis. The clinical classification systems established herein facilitate precise risk stratification, enabling targeted preoperative interventions to mitigate surgical risks and enhance surgical outcomes.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-025-06112-4Post-tuberculosis kyphosisPott diseaseNeurological complicationsRisk stratificationPosterior corrective surgeryC-reactive protein
spellingShingle Jianqiang Wang
Yong Hai
Haoshuang Geng
Zhangfu Li
Yuzeng Liu
Yangpu Zhang
Lijin Zhou
Risk stratification and clinical classification for postoperative neurological complications in post-tuberculosis kyphosis: a retrospective cohort study
Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research
Post-tuberculosis kyphosis
Pott disease
Neurological complications
Risk stratification
Posterior corrective surgery
C-reactive protein
title Risk stratification and clinical classification for postoperative neurological complications in post-tuberculosis kyphosis: a retrospective cohort study
title_full Risk stratification and clinical classification for postoperative neurological complications in post-tuberculosis kyphosis: a retrospective cohort study
title_fullStr Risk stratification and clinical classification for postoperative neurological complications in post-tuberculosis kyphosis: a retrospective cohort study
title_full_unstemmed Risk stratification and clinical classification for postoperative neurological complications in post-tuberculosis kyphosis: a retrospective cohort study
title_short Risk stratification and clinical classification for postoperative neurological complications in post-tuberculosis kyphosis: a retrospective cohort study
title_sort risk stratification and clinical classification for postoperative neurological complications in post tuberculosis kyphosis a retrospective cohort study
topic Post-tuberculosis kyphosis
Pott disease
Neurological complications
Risk stratification
Posterior corrective surgery
C-reactive protein
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s13018-025-06112-4
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