Longitudinal Follow-up of Chronic Pulmonary Manifestations in Esophageal Atresia: A Clinical Algorithm and Review of the Literature

In the past decades improved surgical techniques and better neonatal supportive care have resulted in reduced mortality of patients with esophageal atresia (EA), with or without tracheoesophageal fistula, and in increased prevalence of long-term complications, especially respiratory manifestations....

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Main Authors: Virginia Mirra, Marco Maglione, Laida L. Di Micco, Silvia Montella, Francesca Santamaria
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2017-02-01
Series:Pediatrics and Neonatology
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1875957216300596
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author Virginia Mirra
Marco Maglione
Laida L. Di Micco
Silvia Montella
Francesca Santamaria
author_facet Virginia Mirra
Marco Maglione
Laida L. Di Micco
Silvia Montella
Francesca Santamaria
author_sort Virginia Mirra
collection DOAJ
description In the past decades improved surgical techniques and better neonatal supportive care have resulted in reduced mortality of patients with esophageal atresia (EA), with or without tracheoesophageal fistula, and in increased prevalence of long-term complications, especially respiratory manifestations. This integrative review describes the techniques currently used in the pediatric clinical practice for assessing EA-related respiratory disease. We also present a novel algorithm for the evaluation and surveillance of lung disease in EA. A total of 2813 articles were identified, of which 1451 duplicates were removed, and 1330 were excluded based on review of titles and abstracts. A total of 32 articles were assessed for eligibility. Six reviews were excluded, and 26 original studies were assessed. Lower respiratory tract infection seems frequent, especially in the first years of life. Chronic asthma, productive cough, and recurrent bronchitis are the most common respiratory complaints. Restrictive lung disease is generally reported to prevail over the obstructive or mixed patterns, and, overall, bronchial hyperresponsiveness can affect up to 78% of patients. At lung imaging, few studies detected bronchiectasis and irregular cross-sectional shape of the trachea, whereas diffuse bronchial thickening, consolidations, and pleural abnormalities were the main chest X-ray findings. Airway endoscopy is seldom included in the available studies, with tracheomalacia and tracheobronchial inflammation being described in a variable proportion of cases. A complete diagnostic approach to long-term respiratory complications after EA is mandatory. In the presence of moderate-to-severe airway disease, patients should undergo regular tertiary care follow-up with functional assessment and advanced chest imaging.
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spelling doaj-art-537e29c0f6a249d4bcc7fad2bfbac19d2025-08-20T03:48:32ZengElsevierPediatrics and Neonatology1875-95722017-02-0158181510.1016/j.pedneo.2016.03.005Longitudinal Follow-up of Chronic Pulmonary Manifestations in Esophageal Atresia: A Clinical Algorithm and Review of the LiteratureVirginia MirraMarco MaglioneLaida L. Di MiccoSilvia MontellaFrancesca SantamariaIn the past decades improved surgical techniques and better neonatal supportive care have resulted in reduced mortality of patients with esophageal atresia (EA), with or without tracheoesophageal fistula, and in increased prevalence of long-term complications, especially respiratory manifestations. This integrative review describes the techniques currently used in the pediatric clinical practice for assessing EA-related respiratory disease. We also present a novel algorithm for the evaluation and surveillance of lung disease in EA. A total of 2813 articles were identified, of which 1451 duplicates were removed, and 1330 were excluded based on review of titles and abstracts. A total of 32 articles were assessed for eligibility. Six reviews were excluded, and 26 original studies were assessed. Lower respiratory tract infection seems frequent, especially in the first years of life. Chronic asthma, productive cough, and recurrent bronchitis are the most common respiratory complaints. Restrictive lung disease is generally reported to prevail over the obstructive or mixed patterns, and, overall, bronchial hyperresponsiveness can affect up to 78% of patients. At lung imaging, few studies detected bronchiectasis and irregular cross-sectional shape of the trachea, whereas diffuse bronchial thickening, consolidations, and pleural abnormalities were the main chest X-ray findings. Airway endoscopy is seldom included in the available studies, with tracheomalacia and tracheobronchial inflammation being described in a variable proportion of cases. A complete diagnostic approach to long-term respiratory complications after EA is mandatory. In the presence of moderate-to-severe airway disease, patients should undergo regular tertiary care follow-up with functional assessment and advanced chest imaging.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1875957216300596esophageal atresiahigh-resolution computed tomographypneumoniaspirometrytracheoesophageal fistula
spellingShingle Virginia Mirra
Marco Maglione
Laida L. Di Micco
Silvia Montella
Francesca Santamaria
Longitudinal Follow-up of Chronic Pulmonary Manifestations in Esophageal Atresia: A Clinical Algorithm and Review of the Literature
Pediatrics and Neonatology
esophageal atresia
high-resolution computed tomography
pneumonia
spirometry
tracheoesophageal fistula
title Longitudinal Follow-up of Chronic Pulmonary Manifestations in Esophageal Atresia: A Clinical Algorithm and Review of the Literature
title_full Longitudinal Follow-up of Chronic Pulmonary Manifestations in Esophageal Atresia: A Clinical Algorithm and Review of the Literature
title_fullStr Longitudinal Follow-up of Chronic Pulmonary Manifestations in Esophageal Atresia: A Clinical Algorithm and Review of the Literature
title_full_unstemmed Longitudinal Follow-up of Chronic Pulmonary Manifestations in Esophageal Atresia: A Clinical Algorithm and Review of the Literature
title_short Longitudinal Follow-up of Chronic Pulmonary Manifestations in Esophageal Atresia: A Clinical Algorithm and Review of the Literature
title_sort longitudinal follow up of chronic pulmonary manifestations in esophageal atresia a clinical algorithm and review of the literature
topic esophageal atresia
high-resolution computed tomography
pneumonia
spirometry
tracheoesophageal fistula
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1875957216300596
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