Dynamics of Small, Constant-size Particles in a Protoplanetary Disk with an Embedded Protoplanet
Hydrodynamical simulations of protoplanetary disk dynamics are useful tools for understanding the formation of planetary systems, including our own. Approximations are necessary to make these simulations computationally tractable. A common assumption when simulating dust fluids is that of a constant...
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IOP Publishing
2025-01-01
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| Series: | The Astrophysical Journal |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad9f35 |
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| author | Ellen M. Price Eric Van Clepper Fred J. Ciesla |
| author_facet | Ellen M. Price Eric Van Clepper Fred J. Ciesla |
| author_sort | Ellen M. Price |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Hydrodynamical simulations of protoplanetary disk dynamics are useful tools for understanding the formation of planetary systems, including our own. Approximations are necessary to make these simulations computationally tractable. A common assumption when simulating dust fluids is that of a constant Stokes number, a dimensionless number that characterizes the interaction between a particle and the surrounding gas. Constant Stokes number is not a good approximation in regions of the disk where the gas density changes significantly, such as near a planet-induced gap. In this paper, we relax the assumption of a constant Stokes number in the popular FARGO3D code using semianalytic equations for the drag force on dust particles, which enables an assumption of constant particle size instead. We explore the effect this change has on disk morphology and particle fluxes across the gap for both outward- and inward-drifting particles. The assumption of constant particle size, rather than constant Stokes number, is shown to make a significant difference in some cases, emphasizing the importance of the more accurate treatment. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5336f1649dd24a2ea769c9e64dc1b55a |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1538-4357 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
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| series | The Astrophysical Journal |
| spelling | doaj-art-5336f1649dd24a2ea769c9e64dc1b55a2025-01-16T12:36:35ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572025-01-0197913710.3847/1538-4357/ad9f35Dynamics of Small, Constant-size Particles in a Protoplanetary Disk with an Embedded ProtoplanetEllen M. Price0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3286-3543Eric Van Clepper1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5954-6302Fred J. Ciesla2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0093-065XDepartment of the Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago , 5734 South Ellis Ave., Chicago, IL 60637, USADepartment of the Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago , 5734 South Ellis Ave., Chicago, IL 60637, USADepartment of the Geophysical Sciences, University of Chicago , 5734 South Ellis Ave., Chicago, IL 60637, USAHydrodynamical simulations of protoplanetary disk dynamics are useful tools for understanding the formation of planetary systems, including our own. Approximations are necessary to make these simulations computationally tractable. A common assumption when simulating dust fluids is that of a constant Stokes number, a dimensionless number that characterizes the interaction between a particle and the surrounding gas. Constant Stokes number is not a good approximation in regions of the disk where the gas density changes significantly, such as near a planet-induced gap. In this paper, we relax the assumption of a constant Stokes number in the popular FARGO3D code using semianalytic equations for the drag force on dust particles, which enables an assumption of constant particle size instead. We explore the effect this change has on disk morphology and particle fluxes across the gap for both outward- and inward-drifting particles. The assumption of constant particle size, rather than constant Stokes number, is shown to make a significant difference in some cases, emphasizing the importance of the more accurate treatment.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad9f35Hydrodynamical simulationsProtoplanetary disksCircumstellar dust |
| spellingShingle | Ellen M. Price Eric Van Clepper Fred J. Ciesla Dynamics of Small, Constant-size Particles in a Protoplanetary Disk with an Embedded Protoplanet The Astrophysical Journal Hydrodynamical simulations Protoplanetary disks Circumstellar dust |
| title | Dynamics of Small, Constant-size Particles in a Protoplanetary Disk with an Embedded Protoplanet |
| title_full | Dynamics of Small, Constant-size Particles in a Protoplanetary Disk with an Embedded Protoplanet |
| title_fullStr | Dynamics of Small, Constant-size Particles in a Protoplanetary Disk with an Embedded Protoplanet |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dynamics of Small, Constant-size Particles in a Protoplanetary Disk with an Embedded Protoplanet |
| title_short | Dynamics of Small, Constant-size Particles in a Protoplanetary Disk with an Embedded Protoplanet |
| title_sort | dynamics of small constant size particles in a protoplanetary disk with an embedded protoplanet |
| topic | Hydrodynamical simulations Protoplanetary disks Circumstellar dust |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad9f35 |
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