Nanoscale wetting controls reactive Pd ensembles in synthesis of dilute PdAu alloy catalysts

Abstract The performance of bimetallic dilute alloy catalysts is largely determined by the size of minority metal ensembles on the nanoparticle surface. By analyzing the synthesis of catalysts comprising Pd8Au92 nanoparticles supported on silica using surface-sensitive techniques, we report that whe...

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Main Authors: Kang Rui Garrick Lim, Cameron J. Owen, Selina K. Kaiser, Prahlad K. Routh, Montserrat Mendoza, Kyoo-Chul K. Park, Taek-Seung Kim, Sadhya Garg, Jules A. Gardener, Lorenzo Russotto, Christopher R. O’Connor, Marianne Bijl, Michael Aizenberg, Christian Reece, Jennifer D. Lee, Anatoly I. Frenkel, Boris Kozinsky, Joanna Aizenberg
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-07-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-61540-4
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author Kang Rui Garrick Lim
Cameron J. Owen
Selina K. Kaiser
Prahlad K. Routh
Montserrat Mendoza
Kyoo-Chul K. Park
Taek-Seung Kim
Sadhya Garg
Jules A. Gardener
Lorenzo Russotto
Christopher R. O’Connor
Marianne Bijl
Michael Aizenberg
Christian Reece
Jennifer D. Lee
Anatoly I. Frenkel
Boris Kozinsky
Joanna Aizenberg
author_facet Kang Rui Garrick Lim
Cameron J. Owen
Selina K. Kaiser
Prahlad K. Routh
Montserrat Mendoza
Kyoo-Chul K. Park
Taek-Seung Kim
Sadhya Garg
Jules A. Gardener
Lorenzo Russotto
Christopher R. O’Connor
Marianne Bijl
Michael Aizenberg
Christian Reece
Jennifer D. Lee
Anatoly I. Frenkel
Boris Kozinsky
Joanna Aizenberg
author_sort Kang Rui Garrick Lim
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The performance of bimetallic dilute alloy catalysts is largely determined by the size of minority metal ensembles on the nanoparticle surface. By analyzing the synthesis of catalysts comprising Pd8Au92 nanoparticles supported on silica using surface-sensitive techniques, we report that whether Pd overgrowth occurs before or after Au nanoparticle deposition onto the support controls the surface Pd ensemble size and abundance. These differences in Pd ensembles influence catalytic reactivity in H2–D2 isotope exchange and benzaldehyde hydrogenation, which, in correlation with theoretical calculations, is used to elucidate the active site(s) in each reaction. To clarify how the synthetic sequence controls the formation of Pd ensembles, we combine numerical wetting calculations and molecular dynamics simulations (with a machine-learned force field) to visualize Pd deposition and migration on the nanoparticle surface, respectively. Our results suggest that the nanoparticle–support interface restricts nanoparticle accessibility to Pd deposition, which consequently controls the Pd ensemble size, illustrating the critical role of nanoscale wetting phenomena during bimetallic catalyst preparation.
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spelling doaj-art-531e4af293eb4a62a3ed29fbf85bcd7b2025-08-20T04:03:03ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-07-0116111210.1038/s41467-025-61540-4Nanoscale wetting controls reactive Pd ensembles in synthesis of dilute PdAu alloy catalystsKang Rui Garrick Lim0Cameron J. Owen1Selina K. Kaiser2Prahlad K. Routh3Montserrat Mendoza4Kyoo-Chul K. Park5Taek-Seung Kim6Sadhya Garg7Jules A. Gardener8Lorenzo Russotto9Christopher R. O’Connor10Marianne Bijl11Michael Aizenberg12Christian Reece13Jennifer D. Lee14Anatoly I. Frenkel15Boris Kozinsky16Joanna Aizenberg17Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard UniversityDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard UniversityDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard UniversityDepartment of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook UniversityDepartment of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, MercedDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern UniversityRowland Institute at Harvard, Harvard UniversityJohn A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard UniversityCenter for Nanoscale Systems, Harvard UniversityJohn A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard UniversityRowland Institute at Harvard, Harvard UniversityJohn A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard UniversityJohn A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard UniversityRowland Institute at Harvard, Harvard UniversityDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard UniversityDepartment of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Stony Brook UniversityJohn A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard UniversityDepartment of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard UniversityAbstract The performance of bimetallic dilute alloy catalysts is largely determined by the size of minority metal ensembles on the nanoparticle surface. By analyzing the synthesis of catalysts comprising Pd8Au92 nanoparticles supported on silica using surface-sensitive techniques, we report that whether Pd overgrowth occurs before or after Au nanoparticle deposition onto the support controls the surface Pd ensemble size and abundance. These differences in Pd ensembles influence catalytic reactivity in H2–D2 isotope exchange and benzaldehyde hydrogenation, which, in correlation with theoretical calculations, is used to elucidate the active site(s) in each reaction. To clarify how the synthetic sequence controls the formation of Pd ensembles, we combine numerical wetting calculations and molecular dynamics simulations (with a machine-learned force field) to visualize Pd deposition and migration on the nanoparticle surface, respectively. Our results suggest that the nanoparticle–support interface restricts nanoparticle accessibility to Pd deposition, which consequently controls the Pd ensemble size, illustrating the critical role of nanoscale wetting phenomena during bimetallic catalyst preparation.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-61540-4
spellingShingle Kang Rui Garrick Lim
Cameron J. Owen
Selina K. Kaiser
Prahlad K. Routh
Montserrat Mendoza
Kyoo-Chul K. Park
Taek-Seung Kim
Sadhya Garg
Jules A. Gardener
Lorenzo Russotto
Christopher R. O’Connor
Marianne Bijl
Michael Aizenberg
Christian Reece
Jennifer D. Lee
Anatoly I. Frenkel
Boris Kozinsky
Joanna Aizenberg
Nanoscale wetting controls reactive Pd ensembles in synthesis of dilute PdAu alloy catalysts
Nature Communications
title Nanoscale wetting controls reactive Pd ensembles in synthesis of dilute PdAu alloy catalysts
title_full Nanoscale wetting controls reactive Pd ensembles in synthesis of dilute PdAu alloy catalysts
title_fullStr Nanoscale wetting controls reactive Pd ensembles in synthesis of dilute PdAu alloy catalysts
title_full_unstemmed Nanoscale wetting controls reactive Pd ensembles in synthesis of dilute PdAu alloy catalysts
title_short Nanoscale wetting controls reactive Pd ensembles in synthesis of dilute PdAu alloy catalysts
title_sort nanoscale wetting controls reactive pd ensembles in synthesis of dilute pdau alloy catalysts
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-61540-4
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