Scalable <i>O</i>(<i>log</i><sub>2</sub><i>n</i>) Dynamics Control for Soft Exoskeletons

Robotic exoskeletons are being actively applied to support the activities of daily living (ADL) for patients with hand motion impairments. In terms of actuation, soft materials and sensors have opened new alternatives to conventional rigid body structures. In this arena, biomimetic soft systems play...

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Main Authors: Julian D. Colorado, Diego Mendez, Andres Gomez-Bautista, John E. Bermeo, Catalina Alvarado-Rojas, Fredy Cuellar
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Actuators
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0825/13/11/450
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author Julian D. Colorado
Diego Mendez
Andres Gomez-Bautista
John E. Bermeo
Catalina Alvarado-Rojas
Fredy Cuellar
author_facet Julian D. Colorado
Diego Mendez
Andres Gomez-Bautista
John E. Bermeo
Catalina Alvarado-Rojas
Fredy Cuellar
author_sort Julian D. Colorado
collection DOAJ
description Robotic exoskeletons are being actively applied to support the activities of daily living (ADL) for patients with hand motion impairments. In terms of actuation, soft materials and sensors have opened new alternatives to conventional rigid body structures. In this arena, biomimetic soft systems play an important role in modeling and controlling human hand kinematics without the restrictions of rigid mechanical joints while having an entirely deformable body with limitless points of actuation. In this paper, we address the computational limitations of modeling large-scale articulated systems for soft robotic exoskeletons by integrating a parallel algorithm to compute the exoskeleton’s dynamics equations of motion (EoM), achieving a computation with <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>O</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>l</mi><mi>o</mi><msub><mi>g</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mi>n</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> complexity for the highly articulated <i>n</i> degrees of freedom (DoF) running on <i>p</i> processing cores. The proposed parallel algorithm achieves an exponential speedup for <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>n</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>p</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>64</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> DoF while achieving a <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>0.96</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> degree of parallelism for <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>n</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>p</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>256</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, which demonstrates the required scalability for controlling highly articulated soft exoskeletons in real time. However, scalability will be bounded by the <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>n</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>p</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> fraction.
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spelling doaj-art-52d2fea7e7fc4cb1b8c1fc7bf5b62b3d2024-11-26T17:42:29ZengMDPI AGActuators2076-08252024-11-01131145010.3390/act13110450Scalable <i>O</i>(<i>log</i><sub>2</sub><i>n</i>) Dynamics Control for Soft ExoskeletonsJulian D. Colorado0Diego Mendez1Andres Gomez-Bautista2John E. Bermeo3Catalina Alvarado-Rojas4Fredy Cuellar5School of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota 110231, ColombiaSchool of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota 110231, ColombiaSchool of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota 110231, ColombiaSchool of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota 110231, ColombiaSchool of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota 110231, ColombiaSchool of Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota 110231, ColombiaRobotic exoskeletons are being actively applied to support the activities of daily living (ADL) for patients with hand motion impairments. In terms of actuation, soft materials and sensors have opened new alternatives to conventional rigid body structures. In this arena, biomimetic soft systems play an important role in modeling and controlling human hand kinematics without the restrictions of rigid mechanical joints while having an entirely deformable body with limitless points of actuation. In this paper, we address the computational limitations of modeling large-scale articulated systems for soft robotic exoskeletons by integrating a parallel algorithm to compute the exoskeleton’s dynamics equations of motion (EoM), achieving a computation with <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>O</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>l</mi><mi>o</mi><msub><mi>g</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mi>n</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> complexity for the highly articulated <i>n</i> degrees of freedom (DoF) running on <i>p</i> processing cores. The proposed parallel algorithm achieves an exponential speedup for <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>n</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>p</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>64</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> DoF while achieving a <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mn>0.96</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> degree of parallelism for <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>n</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>p</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>256</mn></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, which demonstrates the required scalability for controlling highly articulated soft exoskeletons in real time. However, scalability will be bounded by the <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>n</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>p</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> fraction.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0825/13/11/450soft exoskeletonsparallel computingembedded systemsHILdynamics control
spellingShingle Julian D. Colorado
Diego Mendez
Andres Gomez-Bautista
John E. Bermeo
Catalina Alvarado-Rojas
Fredy Cuellar
Scalable <i>O</i>(<i>log</i><sub>2</sub><i>n</i>) Dynamics Control for Soft Exoskeletons
Actuators
soft exoskeletons
parallel computing
embedded systems
HIL
dynamics control
title Scalable <i>O</i>(<i>log</i><sub>2</sub><i>n</i>) Dynamics Control for Soft Exoskeletons
title_full Scalable <i>O</i>(<i>log</i><sub>2</sub><i>n</i>) Dynamics Control for Soft Exoskeletons
title_fullStr Scalable <i>O</i>(<i>log</i><sub>2</sub><i>n</i>) Dynamics Control for Soft Exoskeletons
title_full_unstemmed Scalable <i>O</i>(<i>log</i><sub>2</sub><i>n</i>) Dynamics Control for Soft Exoskeletons
title_short Scalable <i>O</i>(<i>log</i><sub>2</sub><i>n</i>) Dynamics Control for Soft Exoskeletons
title_sort scalable i o i i log i sub 2 sub i n i dynamics control for soft exoskeletons
topic soft exoskeletons
parallel computing
embedded systems
HIL
dynamics control
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0825/13/11/450
work_keys_str_mv AT juliandcolorado scalableioiilogisub2subinidynamicscontrolforsoftexoskeletons
AT diegomendez scalableioiilogisub2subinidynamicscontrolforsoftexoskeletons
AT andresgomezbautista scalableioiilogisub2subinidynamicscontrolforsoftexoskeletons
AT johnebermeo scalableioiilogisub2subinidynamicscontrolforsoftexoskeletons
AT catalinaalvaradorojas scalableioiilogisub2subinidynamicscontrolforsoftexoskeletons
AT fredycuellar scalableioiilogisub2subinidynamicscontrolforsoftexoskeletons