Rice stable carbon and nitrogen isotope values as potential indicators of watering and manuring regimes
Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important cereal crop across East, South and Southeast Asia, from prehistory to today, and grows in a range of ecological conditions, from rainfed upland to deep water. Previous research on early rice in the Lower Yangtze River basin (LYRB) suggested shifts back and fort...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Environmental Archaeology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fearc.2024.1488754/full |
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| author | Rubi Wu Rubi Wu Eric J. Belfield Yu Dong Shangzong Feng Xiangdong Fu Nicholas P. Harberd Fan Yang Michael Charles Amy Bogaard |
| author_facet | Rubi Wu Rubi Wu Eric J. Belfield Yu Dong Shangzong Feng Xiangdong Fu Nicholas P. Harberd Fan Yang Michael Charles Amy Bogaard |
| author_sort | Rubi Wu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important cereal crop across East, South and Southeast Asia, from prehistory to today, and grows in a range of ecological conditions, from rainfed upland to deep water. Previous research on early rice in the Lower Yangtze River basin (LYRB) suggested shifts back and forth over time between wet and dry field conditions, and some application of animal dung and/or human feces as fertilizer. In this study, stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis was conducted on grains from rice of heritage landraces and modern varieties grown in a glasshouse pot experiment with three watering levels and two manuring levels, and from recent rice fields in China and South Korea including paddy and dry conditions, and with variable manuring histories. The pot experiment results indicate that there is a negative correlation between the δ13C values and watering levels in one heritage accession and three modern accessions; in the remaining two heritage accessions and one modern accession, a similar trend in δ13C values is observed between watering levels. The rice field results show that, similarly, the δ13C values of rice from paddy fields were significantly lower than those from dry fields. The results from the pot experiment also indicate that both watering and manuring tend to increase the δ15N values of rice grains, while the field samples show that intensive manuring in initial growing seasons does not have a consistent effect on rice δ15N values. Overall, stable carbon and nitrogen isotope values of rice grains appear to be useful indicators of water status, with potential in combination to disentangle watering and manuring practices. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-52cfd821e7e74115b28e7274b9c1a4e9 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2813-432X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Environmental Archaeology |
| spelling | doaj-art-52cfd821e7e74115b28e7274b9c1a4e92025-01-09T06:11:06ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Environmental Archaeology2813-432X2025-01-01310.3389/fearc.2024.14887541488754Rice stable carbon and nitrogen isotope values as potential indicators of watering and manuring regimesRubi Wu0Rubi Wu1Eric J. Belfield2Yu Dong3Shangzong Feng4Xiangdong Fu5Nicholas P. Harberd6Fan Yang7Michael Charles8Amy Bogaard9School of Archaeology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United KingdomSchool of Archaeology, Shandong University, Jinan, ChinaDepartment of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United KingdomInstitute of Cultural Heritage, Shandong University, Qingdao, ChinaAgricultural Technology Centre, Linyi Municipal Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Linyi, ChinaInstitute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, ChinaDepartment of Biology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United KingdomArchaeology Lab and Preservation Research Institute, China National Centre for Archaeology, Beijing, ChinaSchool of Archaeology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United KingdomSchool of Archaeology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United KingdomRice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important cereal crop across East, South and Southeast Asia, from prehistory to today, and grows in a range of ecological conditions, from rainfed upland to deep water. Previous research on early rice in the Lower Yangtze River basin (LYRB) suggested shifts back and forth over time between wet and dry field conditions, and some application of animal dung and/or human feces as fertilizer. In this study, stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analysis was conducted on grains from rice of heritage landraces and modern varieties grown in a glasshouse pot experiment with three watering levels and two manuring levels, and from recent rice fields in China and South Korea including paddy and dry conditions, and with variable manuring histories. The pot experiment results indicate that there is a negative correlation between the δ13C values and watering levels in one heritage accession and three modern accessions; in the remaining two heritage accessions and one modern accession, a similar trend in δ13C values is observed between watering levels. The rice field results show that, similarly, the δ13C values of rice from paddy fields were significantly lower than those from dry fields. The results from the pot experiment also indicate that both watering and manuring tend to increase the δ15N values of rice grains, while the field samples show that intensive manuring in initial growing seasons does not have a consistent effect on rice δ15N values. Overall, stable carbon and nitrogen isotope values of rice grains appear to be useful indicators of water status, with potential in combination to disentangle watering and manuring practices.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fearc.2024.1488754/fullstable isotope analysisrice farmingwatering regimesmanuring regimesLower Yangtze River basin |
| spellingShingle | Rubi Wu Rubi Wu Eric J. Belfield Yu Dong Shangzong Feng Xiangdong Fu Nicholas P. Harberd Fan Yang Michael Charles Amy Bogaard Rice stable carbon and nitrogen isotope values as potential indicators of watering and manuring regimes Frontiers in Environmental Archaeology stable isotope analysis rice farming watering regimes manuring regimes Lower Yangtze River basin |
| title | Rice stable carbon and nitrogen isotope values as potential indicators of watering and manuring regimes |
| title_full | Rice stable carbon and nitrogen isotope values as potential indicators of watering and manuring regimes |
| title_fullStr | Rice stable carbon and nitrogen isotope values as potential indicators of watering and manuring regimes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Rice stable carbon and nitrogen isotope values as potential indicators of watering and manuring regimes |
| title_short | Rice stable carbon and nitrogen isotope values as potential indicators of watering and manuring regimes |
| title_sort | rice stable carbon and nitrogen isotope values as potential indicators of watering and manuring regimes |
| topic | stable isotope analysis rice farming watering regimes manuring regimes Lower Yangtze River basin |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fearc.2024.1488754/full |
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