Hydrogen production by the water-gas shift reaction: A comprehensive review on catalysts, kinetics, and reaction mechanism
The global push towards a hydrogen economy fuels hydrogen production from various sources. A crucial step in enriching hydrogen and reducing CO in syngas derived from carbon-based hydrogen production is the water-gas shift reaction (WGSR). Given the equilibrium-limited nature of WGSR, low temperatur...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Fuel Processing Technology |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378382024001334 |
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| author | Leila Dehimi Oualid Alioui Yacine Benguerba Krishna Kumar Yadav Javed Khan Bhutto Ahmed M. Fallatah Tanuj Shukla Maha Awjan Alreshidi Marco Balsamo Michael Badawi Alessandro Erto |
| author_facet | Leila Dehimi Oualid Alioui Yacine Benguerba Krishna Kumar Yadav Javed Khan Bhutto Ahmed M. Fallatah Tanuj Shukla Maha Awjan Alreshidi Marco Balsamo Michael Badawi Alessandro Erto |
| author_sort | Leila Dehimi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The global push towards a hydrogen economy fuels hydrogen production from various sources. A crucial step in enriching hydrogen and reducing CO in syngas derived from carbon-based hydrogen production is the water-gas shift reaction (WGSR). Given the equilibrium-limited nature of WGSR, low temperatures are necessary to reduce carbon monoxide concentrations to the desired level. Traditionally, iron‑chromium (Fe/Cr) and copper‑zinc (Cu/Zn) catalysts have been widely used at high and low temperatures, respectively. Numerous studies have focused on developing optimal WGS catalysts with the desired characteristics and efficiency. This review extensively discusses various catalysts for different stages of WGSR, including low, medium, high-temperature, and sour WGS catalysts. However, understanding the contrast between the redox and associative mechanisms and the nature of intermediates in the WGS pathway remains unclear. A detailed study of the WGSR pathway is imperative to develop highly active and stable catalysts. Various experimental kinetic values and models have also been reported to elucidate the WGSR mechanism at different temperatures. The primary deactivation sources of WGS catalysts have been discussed to highlight recent advances to improve catalyst performance. The contribution of computational methods such as Density Functional Theory (DFT) to developing WGS catalysts is also explored. Furthermore, the review addresses the challenges encountered in the WGSR, and recommendations and conclusions are drawn to guide future research efforts. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-52a2dfa6a3c6432f8d2cd157bf92eaff |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0378-3820 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Fuel Processing Technology |
| spelling | doaj-art-52a2dfa6a3c6432f8d2cd157bf92eaff2025-01-15T04:11:31ZengElsevierFuel Processing Technology0378-38202025-03-01267108163Hydrogen production by the water-gas shift reaction: A comprehensive review on catalysts, kinetics, and reaction mechanismLeila Dehimi0Oualid Alioui1Yacine Benguerba2Krishna Kumar Yadav3Javed Khan Bhutto4Ahmed M. Fallatah5Tanuj Shukla6Maha Awjan Alreshidi7Marco Balsamo8Michael Badawi9Alessandro Erto10Faculté des Sciences, Université Ferhat Abbas Setif 1, Setif, Algeria; Laboratoire de Biopharmacie Et Pharmacotechnie (LBPT), Ferhat Abbas Setif 1 University, Setif, AlgeriaFaculté des Sciences, Université Ferhat Abbas Setif 1, Setif, AlgeriaLaboratoire de Biopharmacie Et Pharmacotechnie (LBPT), Ferhat Abbas Setif 1 University, Setif, AlgeriaDepartment of Environmental Science, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat 391760, India; Environmental and Atmospheric Sciences Research Group, Scientific Research Center, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Nasiriyah 64001, Iraq; Corresponding author at: Department of Environmental Science, Parul Institute of Applied Sciences, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat 391760, India.Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, 21944 Taif, Saudi ArabiaKey Laboratory of Cryospheric sciences and Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environnent and Resources, CAS, Lanzhou 730000, China; Corresponding author: Key Laboratory of Cryospheric Sciences and Frozen Soil Engineering, Northwest Institute of Eco-Environnent and Resources, CAS, Lanzhou 730000, China.Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Ha'il, Ha'il 81451, Saudi ArabiaDipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Sant'Angelo, 80126 Napoli, ItalyLaboratoire de Physique et Chimie Théoriques, UMR CNRS 7019, Université de Lorraine, Nancy, FranceDipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, dei Materiali e della Produzione Industriale, Università di Napoli Federico II, P. le Tecchio, 80, 80125 Napoli, ItalyThe global push towards a hydrogen economy fuels hydrogen production from various sources. A crucial step in enriching hydrogen and reducing CO in syngas derived from carbon-based hydrogen production is the water-gas shift reaction (WGSR). Given the equilibrium-limited nature of WGSR, low temperatures are necessary to reduce carbon monoxide concentrations to the desired level. Traditionally, iron‑chromium (Fe/Cr) and copper‑zinc (Cu/Zn) catalysts have been widely used at high and low temperatures, respectively. Numerous studies have focused on developing optimal WGS catalysts with the desired characteristics and efficiency. This review extensively discusses various catalysts for different stages of WGSR, including low, medium, high-temperature, and sour WGS catalysts. However, understanding the contrast between the redox and associative mechanisms and the nature of intermediates in the WGS pathway remains unclear. A detailed study of the WGSR pathway is imperative to develop highly active and stable catalysts. Various experimental kinetic values and models have also been reported to elucidate the WGSR mechanism at different temperatures. The primary deactivation sources of WGS catalysts have been discussed to highlight recent advances to improve catalyst performance. The contribution of computational methods such as Density Functional Theory (DFT) to developing WGS catalysts is also explored. Furthermore, the review addresses the challenges encountered in the WGSR, and recommendations and conclusions are drawn to guide future research efforts.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378382024001334WGSRHydrogen productionWGS catalystsKineticsReaction mechanismComputational Methods (DFT) |
| spellingShingle | Leila Dehimi Oualid Alioui Yacine Benguerba Krishna Kumar Yadav Javed Khan Bhutto Ahmed M. Fallatah Tanuj Shukla Maha Awjan Alreshidi Marco Balsamo Michael Badawi Alessandro Erto Hydrogen production by the water-gas shift reaction: A comprehensive review on catalysts, kinetics, and reaction mechanism Fuel Processing Technology WGSR Hydrogen production WGS catalysts Kinetics Reaction mechanism Computational Methods (DFT) |
| title | Hydrogen production by the water-gas shift reaction: A comprehensive review on catalysts, kinetics, and reaction mechanism |
| title_full | Hydrogen production by the water-gas shift reaction: A comprehensive review on catalysts, kinetics, and reaction mechanism |
| title_fullStr | Hydrogen production by the water-gas shift reaction: A comprehensive review on catalysts, kinetics, and reaction mechanism |
| title_full_unstemmed | Hydrogen production by the water-gas shift reaction: A comprehensive review on catalysts, kinetics, and reaction mechanism |
| title_short | Hydrogen production by the water-gas shift reaction: A comprehensive review on catalysts, kinetics, and reaction mechanism |
| title_sort | hydrogen production by the water gas shift reaction a comprehensive review on catalysts kinetics and reaction mechanism |
| topic | WGSR Hydrogen production WGS catalysts Kinetics Reaction mechanism Computational Methods (DFT) |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378382024001334 |
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