Looking beyond seeing: Components of visual-spatial ability as an overarching process

Visual-spatial skills have been a fertile ground for assessing aspects of intelligence and investigating its components. The initial goal of this bipartite study was to elucidate the nature of the underlying components of visual-spatial processes and the relations among them. The second goal was exa...

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Main Authors: Moran Bar-Hen-Schweiger, Avishai Henik
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-11-01
Series:Acta Psychologica
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0001691824004554
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author Moran Bar-Hen-Schweiger
Avishai Henik
author_facet Moran Bar-Hen-Schweiger
Avishai Henik
author_sort Moran Bar-Hen-Schweiger
collection DOAJ
description Visual-spatial skills have been a fertile ground for assessing aspects of intelligence and investigating its components. The initial goal of this bipartite study was to elucidate the nature of the underlying components of visual-spatial processes and the relations among them. The second goal was examination of a higher, overarching factor, underlying spatial ability but also lexical-semantic performance as well. In Study 1, three components model is examined, hypothesized to form the foundation for visual-spatial processing. In Study 2, we utilized the findings from Study 1 and performed a structural model analysis with the aim of examining the hypothesis of a second-order factor, underlying both visual-spatial and lexical-semantic processes. These studies were motivated by the notion that underlying such visual-spatial and lexical-semantic skills is a factor we termed mental manipulation, which is domain-general that cuts across species.One hundred and thirty-three participants completed 9 tasks, representing visual-spatial and lexical-semantic abilities. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of the resulting data was utilized to model the results and compare the fitness of one-, two- and three-factor models. After establishing the measurement model, a second-order structural model analysis was performed to assess the existence of an overarching factor, common to both verbal and visual domains. The results of the analyses confirm the existence of a second-order factor, which we regard as reflecting mental manipulation. The implication of such mental manipulation is discussed in terms of practical applications for diagnosis, intervention, and education, highlighting its potential to improve outcomes.
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spelling doaj-art-5250ae0fefdf4545990626633fb11e4a2024-12-14T06:28:18ZengElsevierActa Psychologica0001-69182024-11-01251104577Looking beyond seeing: Components of visual-spatial ability as an overarching processMoran Bar-Hen-Schweiger0Avishai Henik1Department of Psychology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel; Corresponding author.Department of Psychology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel; The Zelman Center for Brain Science, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, IsraelVisual-spatial skills have been a fertile ground for assessing aspects of intelligence and investigating its components. The initial goal of this bipartite study was to elucidate the nature of the underlying components of visual-spatial processes and the relations among them. The second goal was examination of a higher, overarching factor, underlying spatial ability but also lexical-semantic performance as well. In Study 1, three components model is examined, hypothesized to form the foundation for visual-spatial processing. In Study 2, we utilized the findings from Study 1 and performed a structural model analysis with the aim of examining the hypothesis of a second-order factor, underlying both visual-spatial and lexical-semantic processes. These studies were motivated by the notion that underlying such visual-spatial and lexical-semantic skills is a factor we termed mental manipulation, which is domain-general that cuts across species.One hundred and thirty-three participants completed 9 tasks, representing visual-spatial and lexical-semantic abilities. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) of the resulting data was utilized to model the results and compare the fitness of one-, two- and three-factor models. After establishing the measurement model, a second-order structural model analysis was performed to assess the existence of an overarching factor, common to both verbal and visual domains. The results of the analyses confirm the existence of a second-order factor, which we regard as reflecting mental manipulation. The implication of such mental manipulation is discussed in terms of practical applications for diagnosis, intervention, and education, highlighting its potential to improve outcomes.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0001691824004554Visual-spatialTransformationRotationPerspective-takingMental manipulationIntelligence
spellingShingle Moran Bar-Hen-Schweiger
Avishai Henik
Looking beyond seeing: Components of visual-spatial ability as an overarching process
Acta Psychologica
Visual-spatial
Transformation
Rotation
Perspective-taking
Mental manipulation
Intelligence
title Looking beyond seeing: Components of visual-spatial ability as an overarching process
title_full Looking beyond seeing: Components of visual-spatial ability as an overarching process
title_fullStr Looking beyond seeing: Components of visual-spatial ability as an overarching process
title_full_unstemmed Looking beyond seeing: Components of visual-spatial ability as an overarching process
title_short Looking beyond seeing: Components of visual-spatial ability as an overarching process
title_sort looking beyond seeing components of visual spatial ability as an overarching process
topic Visual-spatial
Transformation
Rotation
Perspective-taking
Mental manipulation
Intelligence
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0001691824004554
work_keys_str_mv AT moranbarhenschweiger lookingbeyondseeingcomponentsofvisualspatialabilityasanoverarchingprocess
AT avishaihenik lookingbeyondseeingcomponentsofvisualspatialabilityasanoverarchingprocess