Biological and Cellular Effects of Percutaneous Electrolysis: A Systematic Review

<b>Background</b>: Percutaneous electrolysis is an invasive physical therapy technique that is receiving attention. The objective of this article is to evaluate the biological and cellular effects of percutaneous electrolysis and its influence on tissue healing processes. <b>Method...

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Main Authors: Jacobo Rodríguez-Sanz, Sergi Rodríguez-Rodríguez, Carlos López-de-Celis, Miguel Malo-Urriés, Soledad Pérez-Amodio, Román Pérez-Antoñanzas, Sergio Borrella-Andrés, Isabel Albarova-Corral, Miguel Ángel Mateos-Timoneda
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Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-12-01
Series:Biomedicines
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/12/12/2818
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author Jacobo Rodríguez-Sanz
Sergi Rodríguez-Rodríguez
Carlos López-de-Celis
Miguel Malo-Urriés
Soledad Pérez-Amodio
Román Pérez-Antoñanzas
Sergio Borrella-Andrés
Isabel Albarova-Corral
Miguel Ángel Mateos-Timoneda
author_facet Jacobo Rodríguez-Sanz
Sergi Rodríguez-Rodríguez
Carlos López-de-Celis
Miguel Malo-Urriés
Soledad Pérez-Amodio
Román Pérez-Antoñanzas
Sergio Borrella-Andrés
Isabel Albarova-Corral
Miguel Ángel Mateos-Timoneda
author_sort Jacobo Rodríguez-Sanz
collection DOAJ
description <b>Background</b>: Percutaneous electrolysis is an invasive physical therapy technique that is receiving attention. The objective of this article is to evaluate the biological and cellular effects of percutaneous electrolysis and its influence on tissue healing processes. <b>Methods</b>. The search strategy performed in PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Sciences databases resulted in a total of 25 studies. Once inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, seven studies were finally included in this systematic review. The biological effects of percutaneous electrolysis were evaluated and grouped into pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects, cell death, and extracellular matrix and tissue remodeling effects. <b>Results</b>. Percutaneous electrolysis generates a significant pro-inflammatory increase in the chronic tendon condition of <i>IL1β-6-18-1α-1rn</i>, <i>NLRP3</i>, and M1 polymorphonuclear cells and increased expression of <i>COX2</i>, <i>TNFα</i>, <i>Cxcl10</i>, and <i>TGFβ1</i> during the first 7 days. This inflammation is regulated as of day 13. A significant increase in cell death markers, such as LDH, Yo-Pro, cytochrome C, and Smac/Diablo markers, was observed during the first 7 days. Finally, a significant increase in markers <i>Mmp9</i>, <i>VEGF</i>, <i>VEGFR</i>, PPAR-γ/tubulin, and <i>COL-I</i> was observed in the extracellular matrix and tissue remodeling, and a decrease in <i>COL-III</i> was observed during the first 7 days. In the acute inflammatory injury condition, an increase in anti-inflammatory markers, such as <i>IL-10-13</i>, <i>CCL1</i>, and IkB, and a significant decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as <i>IL-6</i>-1β, <i>CCL3-4-5</i>, <i>CCR5-8</i>, <i>NFkB</i>, and <i>TNFα</i>, were observed during the first 7 days. Finally, a significant increase in <i>VEGF</i>, <i>VEGFR</i>, and PPAR-γ/tubulin markers in the extracellular matrix and tissue remodeling was observed for this condition during the first 7 days. <b>Conclusions</b>. Percutaneous electrolysis generates a controlled local pro-inflammatory effect in chronic conditions and regulates inflammation in inflammatory injuries (during the first 7 days). Electrolysis has short-term effects (0–7 days post) of cell death and controlled extracellular matrix destruction. Additionally, it facilitates subsequent healing by improving extracellular matrix synthesis starting from 7 days after application.
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spelling doaj-art-51bd06c3337a49b88246a6e3bc56ea982024-12-27T14:12:56ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592024-12-011212281810.3390/biomedicines12122818Biological and Cellular Effects of Percutaneous Electrolysis: A Systematic ReviewJacobo Rodríguez-Sanz0Sergi Rodríguez-Rodríguez1Carlos López-de-Celis2Miguel Malo-Urriés3Soledad Pérez-Amodio4Román Pérez-Antoñanzas5Sergio Borrella-Andrés6Isabel Albarova-Corral7Miguel Ángel Mateos-Timoneda8Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, International University of Catalonia, 08028 Barcelona, SpainFaculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, International University of Catalonia, 08028 Barcelona, SpainFaculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, International University of Catalonia, 08028 Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Physiatry and Nursery, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, SpainDepartment of Bioengineering, Universitat International de Catalunya, 08028 Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Bioengineering, Universitat International de Catalunya, 08028 Barcelona, SpainDepartment of Physiatry and Nursery, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, SpainDepartment of Physiatry and Nursery, Health Sciences Faculty, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, SpainDepartment of Bioengineering, Universitat International de Catalunya, 08028 Barcelona, Spain<b>Background</b>: Percutaneous electrolysis is an invasive physical therapy technique that is receiving attention. The objective of this article is to evaluate the biological and cellular effects of percutaneous electrolysis and its influence on tissue healing processes. <b>Methods</b>. The search strategy performed in PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Sciences databases resulted in a total of 25 studies. Once inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, seven studies were finally included in this systematic review. The biological effects of percutaneous electrolysis were evaluated and grouped into pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects, cell death, and extracellular matrix and tissue remodeling effects. <b>Results</b>. Percutaneous electrolysis generates a significant pro-inflammatory increase in the chronic tendon condition of <i>IL1β-6-18-1α-1rn</i>, <i>NLRP3</i>, and M1 polymorphonuclear cells and increased expression of <i>COX2</i>, <i>TNFα</i>, <i>Cxcl10</i>, and <i>TGFβ1</i> during the first 7 days. This inflammation is regulated as of day 13. A significant increase in cell death markers, such as LDH, Yo-Pro, cytochrome C, and Smac/Diablo markers, was observed during the first 7 days. Finally, a significant increase in markers <i>Mmp9</i>, <i>VEGF</i>, <i>VEGFR</i>, PPAR-γ/tubulin, and <i>COL-I</i> was observed in the extracellular matrix and tissue remodeling, and a decrease in <i>COL-III</i> was observed during the first 7 days. In the acute inflammatory injury condition, an increase in anti-inflammatory markers, such as <i>IL-10-13</i>, <i>CCL1</i>, and IkB, and a significant decrease in pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as <i>IL-6</i>-1β, <i>CCL3-4-5</i>, <i>CCR5-8</i>, <i>NFkB</i>, and <i>TNFα</i>, were observed during the first 7 days. Finally, a significant increase in <i>VEGF</i>, <i>VEGFR</i>, and PPAR-γ/tubulin markers in the extracellular matrix and tissue remodeling was observed for this condition during the first 7 days. <b>Conclusions</b>. Percutaneous electrolysis generates a controlled local pro-inflammatory effect in chronic conditions and regulates inflammation in inflammatory injuries (during the first 7 days). Electrolysis has short-term effects (0–7 days post) of cell death and controlled extracellular matrix destruction. Additionally, it facilitates subsequent healing by improving extracellular matrix synthesis starting from 7 days after application.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/12/12/2818percutaneous electrolysiscell markerbiological effectsinvasive physiotherapyhealing processinflammation
spellingShingle Jacobo Rodríguez-Sanz
Sergi Rodríguez-Rodríguez
Carlos López-de-Celis
Miguel Malo-Urriés
Soledad Pérez-Amodio
Román Pérez-Antoñanzas
Sergio Borrella-Andrés
Isabel Albarova-Corral
Miguel Ángel Mateos-Timoneda
Biological and Cellular Effects of Percutaneous Electrolysis: A Systematic Review
Biomedicines
percutaneous electrolysis
cell marker
biological effects
invasive physiotherapy
healing process
inflammation
title Biological and Cellular Effects of Percutaneous Electrolysis: A Systematic Review
title_full Biological and Cellular Effects of Percutaneous Electrolysis: A Systematic Review
title_fullStr Biological and Cellular Effects of Percutaneous Electrolysis: A Systematic Review
title_full_unstemmed Biological and Cellular Effects of Percutaneous Electrolysis: A Systematic Review
title_short Biological and Cellular Effects of Percutaneous Electrolysis: A Systematic Review
title_sort biological and cellular effects of percutaneous electrolysis a systematic review
topic percutaneous electrolysis
cell marker
biological effects
invasive physiotherapy
healing process
inflammation
url https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/12/12/2818
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