Photocatalytic improvement mechanism of SnO2/Sn-doped g-C3N4 Z-type heterojunctions for visible-irradiation-based destruction of organic pollutants: Experimental and RSM approaches
This work investigated the possibility of applying SnO2/Sn-doped g-C3N4 hybrid as an efficient photocatalyst for visible light-based degradation of ibuprofen (IBP). Response surface methodology (RSM) has been adopted to optimize the IBP photodegradation. The conditions were initially fixed at photoc...
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Elsevier
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666016425000039 |
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| author | Yossor R. Abdulmajeed Saad H. Ammar Zaid H. Jabbar Hind J. Hadi Mohammed D. Salman Alaa Jasim Awadh |
| author_facet | Yossor R. Abdulmajeed Saad H. Ammar Zaid H. Jabbar Hind J. Hadi Mohammed D. Salman Alaa Jasim Awadh |
| author_sort | Yossor R. Abdulmajeed |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This work investigated the possibility of applying SnO2/Sn-doped g-C3N4 hybrid as an efficient photocatalyst for visible light-based degradation of ibuprofen (IBP). Response surface methodology (RSM) has been adopted to optimize the IBP photodegradation. The conditions were initially fixed at photocatalyst dose = 0.2 g/L, Solution pH = 7, and IBP concentration = 10 mg/L in order to assess the SnO2/Sn-doped g-C3N4 activity, which exhibited 91 % IBP destruction after 90 min. Then, the process variables (IBP concentration, pH, and photocatalyst dose) were adjusted based on the Box-Behnken Design (BBD). The experimental IBP photodegradation was exceedingly correlated with that value predicted by the obtained quadratic model (R2 = 0.993, F-value = 79.19, and P-value <0.0001). The IBP photodegradation tests exhibited that the SnO2/Sn-doped g-C3N4 dose of 0.6 g/L, solution pH of 11, and IBP concentration of 10 mg/L were the optimal values. The photocatalyst dose was specified as the major factor in the process. The boosted photoactivity was due to the created Z-type heterojunction among SnO2 and Sn-doped g-C3N4, which provides an excellent separation of photogenerated charge-carriers. Accordingly, we explored the reaction mechanism in light of trapping studies. Besides, the stability of SnO2/Sn-doped g-C3N4 hybrid photocatalyst was tested. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-5166b74cc3e346a0afd8a724989d74f0 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2666-0164 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering |
| spelling | doaj-art-5166b74cc3e346a0afd8a724989d74f02025-01-09T06:14:36ZengElsevierCase Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering2666-01642025-06-0111101096Photocatalytic improvement mechanism of SnO2/Sn-doped g-C3N4 Z-type heterojunctions for visible-irradiation-based destruction of organic pollutants: Experimental and RSM approachesYossor R. Abdulmajeed0Saad H. Ammar1Zaid H. Jabbar2Hind J. Hadi3Mohammed D. Salman4Alaa Jasim Awadh5Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Al-Nahrain University, Jadriya, Baghdad, IraqDepartment of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Al-Nahrain University, Jadriya, Baghdad, Iraq; College of Engineering, University of Warith Al-Anbiyaa, Karbala, Iraq; Corresponding author. Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Al-Nahrain University, Jadriya, Baghdad, Iraq.Civil Engineering Department, College of Engineering, University of Al-Qadisiyah, Al-Qadisiyah, Al-Diwaniyah, IraqDepartment of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Al-Nahrain University, Jadriya, Baghdad, IraqCollege of Engineering, University of ThiQar, ThiQar, 64001, IraqDepartment of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, Al-Nahrain University, Jadriya, Baghdad, IraqThis work investigated the possibility of applying SnO2/Sn-doped g-C3N4 hybrid as an efficient photocatalyst for visible light-based degradation of ibuprofen (IBP). Response surface methodology (RSM) has been adopted to optimize the IBP photodegradation. The conditions were initially fixed at photocatalyst dose = 0.2 g/L, Solution pH = 7, and IBP concentration = 10 mg/L in order to assess the SnO2/Sn-doped g-C3N4 activity, which exhibited 91 % IBP destruction after 90 min. Then, the process variables (IBP concentration, pH, and photocatalyst dose) were adjusted based on the Box-Behnken Design (BBD). The experimental IBP photodegradation was exceedingly correlated with that value predicted by the obtained quadratic model (R2 = 0.993, F-value = 79.19, and P-value <0.0001). The IBP photodegradation tests exhibited that the SnO2/Sn-doped g-C3N4 dose of 0.6 g/L, solution pH of 11, and IBP concentration of 10 mg/L were the optimal values. The photocatalyst dose was specified as the major factor in the process. The boosted photoactivity was due to the created Z-type heterojunction among SnO2 and Sn-doped g-C3N4, which provides an excellent separation of photogenerated charge-carriers. Accordingly, we explored the reaction mechanism in light of trapping studies. Besides, the stability of SnO2/Sn-doped g-C3N4 hybrid photocatalyst was tested.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666016425000039IbuprofenPhotocatalytic destructionSnO2/Sn-doped g-C3N4OptimizationRSM |
| spellingShingle | Yossor R. Abdulmajeed Saad H. Ammar Zaid H. Jabbar Hind J. Hadi Mohammed D. Salman Alaa Jasim Awadh Photocatalytic improvement mechanism of SnO2/Sn-doped g-C3N4 Z-type heterojunctions for visible-irradiation-based destruction of organic pollutants: Experimental and RSM approaches Case Studies in Chemical and Environmental Engineering Ibuprofen Photocatalytic destruction SnO2/Sn-doped g-C3N4 Optimization RSM |
| title | Photocatalytic improvement mechanism of SnO2/Sn-doped g-C3N4 Z-type heterojunctions for visible-irradiation-based destruction of organic pollutants: Experimental and RSM approaches |
| title_full | Photocatalytic improvement mechanism of SnO2/Sn-doped g-C3N4 Z-type heterojunctions for visible-irradiation-based destruction of organic pollutants: Experimental and RSM approaches |
| title_fullStr | Photocatalytic improvement mechanism of SnO2/Sn-doped g-C3N4 Z-type heterojunctions for visible-irradiation-based destruction of organic pollutants: Experimental and RSM approaches |
| title_full_unstemmed | Photocatalytic improvement mechanism of SnO2/Sn-doped g-C3N4 Z-type heterojunctions for visible-irradiation-based destruction of organic pollutants: Experimental and RSM approaches |
| title_short | Photocatalytic improvement mechanism of SnO2/Sn-doped g-C3N4 Z-type heterojunctions for visible-irradiation-based destruction of organic pollutants: Experimental and RSM approaches |
| title_sort | photocatalytic improvement mechanism of sno2 sn doped g c3n4 z type heterojunctions for visible irradiation based destruction of organic pollutants experimental and rsm approaches |
| topic | Ibuprofen Photocatalytic destruction SnO2/Sn-doped g-C3N4 Optimization RSM |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666016425000039 |
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