The Effects of Indigo Waste Silage Prepared with Additives on Feed Availability, Rumen Fermentation Patterns, Blood Metabolites, and Hematological Indices in Beef Cattle
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of different additives in fermented indigo waste on feed availability, rumen fermentation patterns, blood chemistry, and hematology in beef cattle. Four male crossbred beef cattle with a body weight (BW) of 230 ± 14 kg and 25 months of age were us...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2024-11-01
|
| Series: | Veterinary Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/11/12/588 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1846102419042205696 |
|---|---|
| author | Nirawan Gunun Chatchai Kaewpila Waroon Khota Wasana Phlaetita Pongsatorn Gunun |
| author_facet | Nirawan Gunun Chatchai Kaewpila Waroon Khota Wasana Phlaetita Pongsatorn Gunun |
| author_sort | Nirawan Gunun |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of different additives in fermented indigo waste on feed availability, rumen fermentation patterns, blood chemistry, and hematology in beef cattle. Four male crossbred beef cattle with a body weight (BW) of 230 ± 14 kg and 25 months of age were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. The indigo waste was ensiled without additive (CON) and with calcium hydroxide (CH), molasses (M), or cellulase (C). The indigo waste silage was incorporated into a fermented total mixed ration (FTMR). The neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content was lower in C-treated silage. The feed intake did not alter among treatments (<i>p</i> > 0.05). The ensiled indigo waste with additives had no influence on nutrient digestibility (<i>p</i> > 0.05), whereas the ensiled indigo waste with M increased CP digestibility (<i>p</i> < 0.01). The rumen pH, ammonia-nitrogen (NH<sub>3</sub>-N), or volatile fatty acid (VFA) proportions did not change by additive (<i>p</i> > 0.05). However, adding M increased the acetate-to-propionate ratio (C2:C3) (<i>p</i> = 0.04). In addition, the total protein in the blood was higher in C-treated silage (<i>p</i> = 0.01). The homological indices did not change by additive (<i>p</i> > 0.05), except for lymphocytes, which decreased when M and C were added (<i>p</i> < 0.01). In conclusion, adding M and C to indigo waste silage could enhance its nutritional value and improve digestibility, blood chemistry, or health status in beef cattle. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-504bd7cd006244f89ca01cb7f35b4939 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2306-7381 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Veterinary Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-504bd7cd006244f89ca01cb7f35b49392024-12-27T14:58:28ZengMDPI AGVeterinary Sciences2306-73812024-11-01111258810.3390/vetsci11120588The Effects of Indigo Waste Silage Prepared with Additives on Feed Availability, Rumen Fermentation Patterns, Blood Metabolites, and Hematological Indices in Beef CattleNirawan Gunun0Chatchai Kaewpila1Waroon Khota2Wasana Phlaetita3Pongsatorn Gunun4Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Technology and Engineering, Udon Thani Rajabhat University, Udon Thani 41000, ThailandDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Sakon Nakhon Campus, Phangkhon, Sakon Nakhon 47160, ThailandDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Sakon Nakhon Campus, Phangkhon, Sakon Nakhon 47160, ThailandDepartment of Plant Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Sakon Nakhon Campus, Phangkhon, Sakon Nakhon 47160, ThailandDepartment of Animal Science, Faculty of Natural Resources, Rajamangala University of Technology Isan, Sakon Nakhon Campus, Phangkhon, Sakon Nakhon 47160, ThailandThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of different additives in fermented indigo waste on feed availability, rumen fermentation patterns, blood chemistry, and hematology in beef cattle. Four male crossbred beef cattle with a body weight (BW) of 230 ± 14 kg and 25 months of age were used in a 4 × 4 Latin square design. The indigo waste was ensiled without additive (CON) and with calcium hydroxide (CH), molasses (M), or cellulase (C). The indigo waste silage was incorporated into a fermented total mixed ration (FTMR). The neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content was lower in C-treated silage. The feed intake did not alter among treatments (<i>p</i> > 0.05). The ensiled indigo waste with additives had no influence on nutrient digestibility (<i>p</i> > 0.05), whereas the ensiled indigo waste with M increased CP digestibility (<i>p</i> < 0.01). The rumen pH, ammonia-nitrogen (NH<sub>3</sub>-N), or volatile fatty acid (VFA) proportions did not change by additive (<i>p</i> > 0.05). However, adding M increased the acetate-to-propionate ratio (C2:C3) (<i>p</i> = 0.04). In addition, the total protein in the blood was higher in C-treated silage (<i>p</i> = 0.01). The homological indices did not change by additive (<i>p</i> > 0.05), except for lymphocytes, which decreased when M and C were added (<i>p</i> < 0.01). In conclusion, adding M and C to indigo waste silage could enhance its nutritional value and improve digestibility, blood chemistry, or health status in beef cattle.https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/11/12/588indigo waste silageadditivesdigestibilityrumen fermentationblood parametersbeef cattle |
| spellingShingle | Nirawan Gunun Chatchai Kaewpila Waroon Khota Wasana Phlaetita Pongsatorn Gunun The Effects of Indigo Waste Silage Prepared with Additives on Feed Availability, Rumen Fermentation Patterns, Blood Metabolites, and Hematological Indices in Beef Cattle Veterinary Sciences indigo waste silage additives digestibility rumen fermentation blood parameters beef cattle |
| title | The Effects of Indigo Waste Silage Prepared with Additives on Feed Availability, Rumen Fermentation Patterns, Blood Metabolites, and Hematological Indices in Beef Cattle |
| title_full | The Effects of Indigo Waste Silage Prepared with Additives on Feed Availability, Rumen Fermentation Patterns, Blood Metabolites, and Hematological Indices in Beef Cattle |
| title_fullStr | The Effects of Indigo Waste Silage Prepared with Additives on Feed Availability, Rumen Fermentation Patterns, Blood Metabolites, and Hematological Indices in Beef Cattle |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Effects of Indigo Waste Silage Prepared with Additives on Feed Availability, Rumen Fermentation Patterns, Blood Metabolites, and Hematological Indices in Beef Cattle |
| title_short | The Effects of Indigo Waste Silage Prepared with Additives on Feed Availability, Rumen Fermentation Patterns, Blood Metabolites, and Hematological Indices in Beef Cattle |
| title_sort | effects of indigo waste silage prepared with additives on feed availability rumen fermentation patterns blood metabolites and hematological indices in beef cattle |
| topic | indigo waste silage additives digestibility rumen fermentation blood parameters beef cattle |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/11/12/588 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT nirawangunun theeffectsofindigowastesilagepreparedwithadditivesonfeedavailabilityrumenfermentationpatternsbloodmetabolitesandhematologicalindicesinbeefcattle AT chatchaikaewpila theeffectsofindigowastesilagepreparedwithadditivesonfeedavailabilityrumenfermentationpatternsbloodmetabolitesandhematologicalindicesinbeefcattle AT waroonkhota theeffectsofindigowastesilagepreparedwithadditivesonfeedavailabilityrumenfermentationpatternsbloodmetabolitesandhematologicalindicesinbeefcattle AT wasanaphlaetita theeffectsofindigowastesilagepreparedwithadditivesonfeedavailabilityrumenfermentationpatternsbloodmetabolitesandhematologicalindicesinbeefcattle AT pongsatorngunun theeffectsofindigowastesilagepreparedwithadditivesonfeedavailabilityrumenfermentationpatternsbloodmetabolitesandhematologicalindicesinbeefcattle AT nirawangunun effectsofindigowastesilagepreparedwithadditivesonfeedavailabilityrumenfermentationpatternsbloodmetabolitesandhematologicalindicesinbeefcattle AT chatchaikaewpila effectsofindigowastesilagepreparedwithadditivesonfeedavailabilityrumenfermentationpatternsbloodmetabolitesandhematologicalindicesinbeefcattle AT waroonkhota effectsofindigowastesilagepreparedwithadditivesonfeedavailabilityrumenfermentationpatternsbloodmetabolitesandhematologicalindicesinbeefcattle AT wasanaphlaetita effectsofindigowastesilagepreparedwithadditivesonfeedavailabilityrumenfermentationpatternsbloodmetabolitesandhematologicalindicesinbeefcattle AT pongsatorngunun effectsofindigowastesilagepreparedwithadditivesonfeedavailabilityrumenfermentationpatternsbloodmetabolitesandhematologicalindicesinbeefcattle |