Mapping heat-related risks in Swiss cities under different urban tree scenarios

About three quarter of Swiss residents live in urban areas, and this proportion is expected to grow in future decades. An increasing number of people will therefore be exposed to urban heat, which can have adverse effects on human wellbeing, productivity and physical health.We explore the possibilit...

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Main Authors: Myke Koopmans, Jonas Schwaab, Ana M. Vicedo-Cabrera, Edouard L. Davin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-12-01
Series:City and Environment Interactions
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590252024000357
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author Myke Koopmans
Jonas Schwaab
Ana M. Vicedo-Cabrera
Edouard L. Davin
author_facet Myke Koopmans
Jonas Schwaab
Ana M. Vicedo-Cabrera
Edouard L. Davin
author_sort Myke Koopmans
collection DOAJ
description About three quarter of Swiss residents live in urban areas, and this proportion is expected to grow in future decades. An increasing number of people will therefore be exposed to urban heat, which can have adverse effects on human wellbeing, productivity and physical health.We explore the possibility to detect high-risk areas in five Swiss cities with the development of an urban heat-based risk-mapping approach. The included cities are Basel, Bern, Geneva, Lausanne and Zurich. The analysis is based on a combination of biophysical, including Landsat 8 derived Land Surface Temperature (LST), and socioeconomic data. Additionally, we assess the impact of urban trees on urban heat within the districts of these cities, helping to estimate how risk levels would change under two scenarios: one with increased tree cover (MaxTree) and another with no (NoTree) urban trees.The assessment on the impact of urban trees on heat showed that the areas with urban trees generally experience cooler temperatures compared to those without, both at the city and district levels. This underscores the positive role of urban trees in mitigating the urban heat effect.The risk mapping approach revealed a distinct spatial pattern for each city and high risk areas were identified.Generally, the high-risk areas in the analyzed cities cover the city centers and areas with high vulnerability.The ‘NoTree’ scenario showed higher risks compared to the baseline situation, illustrating that urban trees currently mitigate heat related risks in Swiss cities. The ‘MaxTree’ scenario results in lower risks, especially in the cities of Lausanne and Bern.The presented risk mapping approach, including the two idealized scenarios, can be used by policy- and decision-makers (e.g. city planners) can be a tool to determine where urban planning actions are the most urgent and where trees could be most beneficial in terms of adaptation to heat. The approach is easily adaptable and transferable to other cities, since it relies on a clear and simple methodological framework, openly available LST data, and basic socioeconomic variables at district scale that are available for many cities.
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spelling doaj-art-4fb9f1560409405184dc3f86a7b250e92024-12-12T05:22:56ZengElsevierCity and Environment Interactions2590-25202024-12-0124100175Mapping heat-related risks in Swiss cities under different urban tree scenariosMyke Koopmans0Jonas Schwaab1Ana M. Vicedo-Cabrera2Edouard L. Davin3Wyss Academy for Nature, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Corresponding author at: Wyss Academy for Nature, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.ETH Zurich, Planning of Landscape and Urban Systems (PLUS), 8093 Zurich, Switzerland; Alpine Environment and Natural Hazards, WSL Institute for Snow and Avalanche Research SLF, Davos Dorf 7260, Switzerland; Climate Change, Extremes and Natural Hazards in Alpine Regions Research Centre CERC, Davos Dorf 7260, SwitzerlandInstitute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, SwitzerlandWyss Academy for Nature, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Climate and Environmental Physics, Physics Institute, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research, University of Bern, Bern, SwitzerlandAbout three quarter of Swiss residents live in urban areas, and this proportion is expected to grow in future decades. An increasing number of people will therefore be exposed to urban heat, which can have adverse effects on human wellbeing, productivity and physical health.We explore the possibility to detect high-risk areas in five Swiss cities with the development of an urban heat-based risk-mapping approach. The included cities are Basel, Bern, Geneva, Lausanne and Zurich. The analysis is based on a combination of biophysical, including Landsat 8 derived Land Surface Temperature (LST), and socioeconomic data. Additionally, we assess the impact of urban trees on urban heat within the districts of these cities, helping to estimate how risk levels would change under two scenarios: one with increased tree cover (MaxTree) and another with no (NoTree) urban trees.The assessment on the impact of urban trees on heat showed that the areas with urban trees generally experience cooler temperatures compared to those without, both at the city and district levels. This underscores the positive role of urban trees in mitigating the urban heat effect.The risk mapping approach revealed a distinct spatial pattern for each city and high risk areas were identified.Generally, the high-risk areas in the analyzed cities cover the city centers and areas with high vulnerability.The ‘NoTree’ scenario showed higher risks compared to the baseline situation, illustrating that urban trees currently mitigate heat related risks in Swiss cities. The ‘MaxTree’ scenario results in lower risks, especially in the cities of Lausanne and Bern.The presented risk mapping approach, including the two idealized scenarios, can be used by policy- and decision-makers (e.g. city planners) can be a tool to determine where urban planning actions are the most urgent and where trees could be most beneficial in terms of adaptation to heat. The approach is easily adaptable and transferable to other cities, since it relies on a clear and simple methodological framework, openly available LST data, and basic socioeconomic variables at district scale that are available for many cities.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590252024000357Risk mappingScenario analysisNature-based solutionsGeospatial analysis
spellingShingle Myke Koopmans
Jonas Schwaab
Ana M. Vicedo-Cabrera
Edouard L. Davin
Mapping heat-related risks in Swiss cities under different urban tree scenarios
City and Environment Interactions
Risk mapping
Scenario analysis
Nature-based solutions
Geospatial analysis
title Mapping heat-related risks in Swiss cities under different urban tree scenarios
title_full Mapping heat-related risks in Swiss cities under different urban tree scenarios
title_fullStr Mapping heat-related risks in Swiss cities under different urban tree scenarios
title_full_unstemmed Mapping heat-related risks in Swiss cities under different urban tree scenarios
title_short Mapping heat-related risks in Swiss cities under different urban tree scenarios
title_sort mapping heat related risks in swiss cities under different urban tree scenarios
topic Risk mapping
Scenario analysis
Nature-based solutions
Geospatial analysis
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590252024000357
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