Photocatalytic degradation of phenol using cadmium-TiO2/chitosan hybrid catalysts
In this study, hybrid catalysts of cadmium-doped TiO _2 (Cd-TiO _2 ) and hydrolyzed chitosan (Cd-TiO _2 /Q) were developed for the photocatalytic degradation of phenol in water. The Cd- TiO _2 /Q catalysts were synthesized using a sonochemical approach involving food-grade commercial TiO _2 , incipi...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
IOP Publishing
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Materials Research Express |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1088/2053-1591/ade11c |
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| Summary: | In this study, hybrid catalysts of cadmium-doped TiO _2 (Cd-TiO _2 ) and hydrolyzed chitosan (Cd-TiO _2 /Q) were developed for the photocatalytic degradation of phenol in water. The Cd- TiO _2 /Q catalysts were synthesized using a sonochemical approach involving food-grade commercial TiO _2 , incipient impregnation, and a solution-casting method for Q, all mixed by ultrasonication. The TiO _2 , TiO _2 /Q, Cd-TiO _2 , and Cd-TiO _2 /Q catalysts were characterized by N _2 -Physisorption, Raman spectroscopy, UV–vis Diffuse Reflectance, x-ray diffraction, x-ray Spectroscopy, and Scanning Electron Microscopy-Energy Dispersive. The results of photocatalytic phenol degradation were fitted to a pseudo-first-order kinetic model, where the Cd-TiO _2 and Cd-TiO _2 /Q hybrid catalysts showed a 45% higher kinetic constant than the TiO _2 , TiO _2 /Q, and Cd-TiO _2 catalysts under UV irradiation. Incorporating the Cd and Q into TiO _2 system modified the surface properties of the Cd-TiO _2 /Q catalyst, reducing the surface area by up to 7-fold compared to TiO _2 . The synergistic effect of the Cd ^2+ and Q functional groups is responsible for the improved performance of Cd-TiO _2 /Q, despite its lower specific surface area. This catalyst also maintained the A-TiO _2 phase dominance and showed evidence of substitutional doping without the formation of a secondary crystalline Cd phase. These findings highlight the potential of the Cd-TiO _2 /Q hybrid catalyst, for efficient phenol degradation and offer insights into the role of organic–inorganic hybrid materials in photocatalytic applications. |
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| ISSN: | 2053-1591 |