Efficacy and safety of non-pharmacological therapies for primary insomnia: a network meta-analysis

Efficacy and safety of non-pharmacological therapies for primary insomnia: a network meta-analysis

BackgroundPrimary insomnia (PI) is a prevalent sleep disorder that significantly impacts quality of life. While pharmacological treatments are common, concerns about side effects and dependency have led to increased interest in non-pharmacological alternatives. This study systematically evaluates th...

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Main Authors: Qin-hong Zhang, Yong-jian Liu, Guanhu Yang, Mei-yi Zhu, Jia-hui Yang, Lun Li, Xiu-mei Yan, Qi-lin Liu, Jin-huan Yue, Xiao-ling Li, Yi-ming Li, Tian-cheng Xu, Fan Jiang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-07-01
Series:Frontiers in Neurology
Subjects:
primary insomnia
cognitive behavioral therapy
acupuncture
acupressure
cupping therapy
Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2025.1607903/full
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