Addressing the Nipah virus threat: A call for global vigilance and coordinated action
The Nipah virus, classified by the World Health Organization as a priority pathogen due to its potential to cause epidemics, continues to present substantial challenges to public health systems with its episodic outbreaks and significant mortality rates. This zoonotic virus induces severe respirator...
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| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2024-11-01
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| Series: | Clinical Infection in Practice |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590170224000505 |
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| author | Priyanka Mohapatra Mahalaqua Nazli Khatib Muhammed Shabil Pranchal Rajput Naveen Sharma Prakasini Satapathy Kiran Bhopte Diptismita Jena Sanjit Sah Ganesh Bushi |
| author_facet | Priyanka Mohapatra Mahalaqua Nazli Khatib Muhammed Shabil Pranchal Rajput Naveen Sharma Prakasini Satapathy Kiran Bhopte Diptismita Jena Sanjit Sah Ganesh Bushi |
| author_sort | Priyanka Mohapatra |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The Nipah virus, classified by the World Health Organization as a priority pathogen due to its potential to cause epidemics, continues to present substantial challenges to public health systems with its episodic outbreaks and significant mortality rates. This zoonotic virus induces severe respiratory and neurological symptoms, often leading to multiorgan failure and high mortality. In India, the state of Kerala has become a focal point for NiV surveillance following repeated outbreaks that have highlighted the deadly impact of the virus and the urgent need for effective management strategies. Despite advances in diagnostics, the absence of specific treatments and vaccines complicates the effective management of these outbreaks. This article discusses the epidemiological trends, clinical challenges, and strategic imperatives for managing and preventing NiV. It highlights the ongoing transmission dynamics, including the genetic consistency of NiV that suggests a stable but continuously threatening viral reservoir in local bat populations. Moreover, the transmission mechanisms from fruit bats to humans, the pathogenesis within the human body, and the severe health outcomes resulting from infection have been discussed. The public health responses are essentially focused on surveillance, community engagement, and education, which are vital yet challenged by the lack of specific medical countermeasures. There is a need for global collaboration in research and public health preparedness to effectively address the challenges posed by NiV and promptly reduce the impact of future outbreaks. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-4f02ad039b80457ca0977c245f08db7e |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2590-1702 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Clinical Infection in Practice |
| spelling | doaj-art-4f02ad039b80457ca0977c245f08db7e2024-12-12T05:22:40ZengElsevierClinical Infection in Practice2590-17022024-11-0124100390Addressing the Nipah virus threat: A call for global vigilance and coordinated actionPriyanka Mohapatra0Mahalaqua Nazli Khatib1Muhammed Shabil2Pranchal Rajput3Naveen Sharma4Prakasini Satapathy5Kiran Bhopte6Diptismita Jena7Sanjit Sah8Ganesh Bushi9Global Center for Evidence Synthesis, Chandigarh, IndiaDivision of Evidence Synthesis, Global Consortium of Public Health and Research, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education, Wardha, IndiaUniversity Center for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali, Punjab, India; Medical Laboratories Techniques Department, AL-Mustaqbal University, 51001 Hillah, Babil, IraqSchool of Applied and Life Sciences, Division of Research and Innovation Uttaranchal University Dehradun, IndiaChandigarh Pharmacy College, Chandigarh Group of College, Jhanjeri, Mohali 140307, Punjab, IndiaCenter for Global Health Research, Saveetha Medical College and Hospital, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, IndiaIES Institute of Pharmacy, IES University, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462044, IndiaComputer Science and Engineering, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University) Clement Town Dehradun, 248002, IndiaSR Sanjeevani Hospital, Kalyanpur, Siraha 56517,Nepal; Department of Paediatrics, Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Dr. D. Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune 411018, Maharashtra, India; Department of Public Health Dentistry, Dr. D.Y. Patil Dental College and Hospital, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune 411018, Maharashtra, India; Corresponding author at: SR Sanjeevani Hospital, Kalyanpur, Siraha 56517, Nepal.School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, IndiaThe Nipah virus, classified by the World Health Organization as a priority pathogen due to its potential to cause epidemics, continues to present substantial challenges to public health systems with its episodic outbreaks and significant mortality rates. This zoonotic virus induces severe respiratory and neurological symptoms, often leading to multiorgan failure and high mortality. In India, the state of Kerala has become a focal point for NiV surveillance following repeated outbreaks that have highlighted the deadly impact of the virus and the urgent need for effective management strategies. Despite advances in diagnostics, the absence of specific treatments and vaccines complicates the effective management of these outbreaks. This article discusses the epidemiological trends, clinical challenges, and strategic imperatives for managing and preventing NiV. It highlights the ongoing transmission dynamics, including the genetic consistency of NiV that suggests a stable but continuously threatening viral reservoir in local bat populations. Moreover, the transmission mechanisms from fruit bats to humans, the pathogenesis within the human body, and the severe health outcomes resulting from infection have been discussed. The public health responses are essentially focused on surveillance, community engagement, and education, which are vital yet challenged by the lack of specific medical countermeasures. There is a need for global collaboration in research and public health preparedness to effectively address the challenges posed by NiV and promptly reduce the impact of future outbreaks.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590170224000505Nipah VirusZoonotic SpilloverBat ReservoirViral PathogenesisKerala OutbreakVaccine development |
| spellingShingle | Priyanka Mohapatra Mahalaqua Nazli Khatib Muhammed Shabil Pranchal Rajput Naveen Sharma Prakasini Satapathy Kiran Bhopte Diptismita Jena Sanjit Sah Ganesh Bushi Addressing the Nipah virus threat: A call for global vigilance and coordinated action Clinical Infection in Practice Nipah Virus Zoonotic Spillover Bat Reservoir Viral Pathogenesis Kerala Outbreak Vaccine development |
| title | Addressing the Nipah virus threat: A call for global vigilance and coordinated action |
| title_full | Addressing the Nipah virus threat: A call for global vigilance and coordinated action |
| title_fullStr | Addressing the Nipah virus threat: A call for global vigilance and coordinated action |
| title_full_unstemmed | Addressing the Nipah virus threat: A call for global vigilance and coordinated action |
| title_short | Addressing the Nipah virus threat: A call for global vigilance and coordinated action |
| title_sort | addressing the nipah virus threat a call for global vigilance and coordinated action |
| topic | Nipah Virus Zoonotic Spillover Bat Reservoir Viral Pathogenesis Kerala Outbreak Vaccine development |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590170224000505 |
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