4E analysis of productivity and efficiency enhancements in pyramid solar distillation: Innovations in tray design, water heating, and forced condensation integration

This research enhances the thermal efficiency of a pyramid solar distiller (PSD) through 4 E (energy, exergy, economic, and environmental) analysis. The modified distiller (MPSD) features suspended trays on three vertical walls, tested with and without heaters, and various water levels (6.2–49.6 L)...

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Main Authors: Sattam Alharbi, Ali Alshamrani
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-12-01
Series:Case Studies in Thermal Engineering
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214157X24014953
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author Sattam Alharbi
Ali Alshamrani
author_facet Sattam Alharbi
Ali Alshamrani
author_sort Sattam Alharbi
collection DOAJ
description This research enhances the thermal efficiency of a pyramid solar distiller (PSD) through 4 E (energy, exergy, economic, and environmental) analysis. The modified distiller (MPSD) features suspended trays on three vertical walls, tested with and without heaters, and various water levels (6.2–49.6 L) in the basin. The study also examined MPSD's performance with an external condenser, aided by a fan operating at different speeds (0.25–1.5 rpm). Results showed that the MPSD, with a water depth of 1 cm and 12.4 L in the basin, achieved a 33 % yield improvement and 50.2 % efficiency. Total productivity of MPSD reached 3755 mL/m2 compared to 2820 mL/m2 for the PSD. MPSD with heaters produced 6430 mL/m2, reflecting a 98.5 % increase. The best performance occurred at 1.25 rpm, with a 133 % productivity increase, 66.5 % thermal efficiency, and 4.58 % exergy efficiency. The water cost was $0.23/L for the MPSD, lower than the PSD's $0.34/L. CO₂ emissions were 30.93–32.23 tons per year for different configurations, and enviroeconomic indicators were 447.46–467.33 annually, depending on the setup.
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spelling doaj-art-4e7ad8cd9f3f40f480d64b87a4f487262024-12-07T08:26:39ZengElsevierCase Studies in Thermal Engineering2214-157X2024-12-01641054644E analysis of productivity and efficiency enhancements in pyramid solar distillation: Innovations in tray design, water heating, and forced condensation integrationSattam Alharbi0Ali Alshamrani1Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Ha’il, 81451, Ha’il City, Saudi Arabia; Corresponding author.Mechanical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif, 21944, Saudi Arabia; Corresponding author.This research enhances the thermal efficiency of a pyramid solar distiller (PSD) through 4 E (energy, exergy, economic, and environmental) analysis. The modified distiller (MPSD) features suspended trays on three vertical walls, tested with and without heaters, and various water levels (6.2–49.6 L) in the basin. The study also examined MPSD's performance with an external condenser, aided by a fan operating at different speeds (0.25–1.5 rpm). Results showed that the MPSD, with a water depth of 1 cm and 12.4 L in the basin, achieved a 33 % yield improvement and 50.2 % efficiency. Total productivity of MPSD reached 3755 mL/m2 compared to 2820 mL/m2 for the PSD. MPSD with heaters produced 6430 mL/m2, reflecting a 98.5 % increase. The best performance occurred at 1.25 rpm, with a 133 % productivity increase, 66.5 % thermal efficiency, and 4.58 % exergy efficiency. The water cost was $0.23/L for the MPSD, lower than the PSD's $0.34/L. CO₂ emissions were 30.93–32.23 tons per year for different configurations, and enviroeconomic indicators were 447.46–467.33 annually, depending on the setup.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214157X24014953Pyramid solar stillBasin water quantityBasin heated waterRotational speedTraysCondensing fan
spellingShingle Sattam Alharbi
Ali Alshamrani
4E analysis of productivity and efficiency enhancements in pyramid solar distillation: Innovations in tray design, water heating, and forced condensation integration
Case Studies in Thermal Engineering
Pyramid solar still
Basin water quantity
Basin heated water
Rotational speed
Trays
Condensing fan
title 4E analysis of productivity and efficiency enhancements in pyramid solar distillation: Innovations in tray design, water heating, and forced condensation integration
title_full 4E analysis of productivity and efficiency enhancements in pyramid solar distillation: Innovations in tray design, water heating, and forced condensation integration
title_fullStr 4E analysis of productivity and efficiency enhancements in pyramid solar distillation: Innovations in tray design, water heating, and forced condensation integration
title_full_unstemmed 4E analysis of productivity and efficiency enhancements in pyramid solar distillation: Innovations in tray design, water heating, and forced condensation integration
title_short 4E analysis of productivity and efficiency enhancements in pyramid solar distillation: Innovations in tray design, water heating, and forced condensation integration
title_sort 4e analysis of productivity and efficiency enhancements in pyramid solar distillation innovations in tray design water heating and forced condensation integration
topic Pyramid solar still
Basin water quantity
Basin heated water
Rotational speed
Trays
Condensing fan
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2214157X24014953
work_keys_str_mv AT sattamalharbi 4eanalysisofproductivityandefficiencyenhancementsinpyramidsolardistillationinnovationsintraydesignwaterheatingandforcedcondensationintegration
AT alialshamrani 4eanalysisofproductivityandefficiencyenhancementsinpyramidsolardistillationinnovationsintraydesignwaterheatingandforcedcondensationintegration