National treatment outcome and predictors of death and treatment failure in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Ethiopia: a 10-year retrospective cohort study

Objectives Treatment success rate in patients treated for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is low, but predictors of treatment failure and death have been under-reported. Thus, we aimed to determine the national proportion of treatment success rate in the past 10 years and factors that pred...

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Main Authors: Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Mehdi Yaseri, Habteyes Tola, K Holakouie-Naieni, Dinka Fikadu Gamtesa, Ephrem Tesfaye, Zemedu Mahamed, Million Molla Sisay
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMJ Publishing Group 2021-08-01
Series:BMJ Open
Online Access:https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/11/8/e040862.full
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author Mohammad Ali Mansournia
Mehdi Yaseri
Habteyes Tola
K Holakouie-Naieni
Dinka Fikadu Gamtesa
Ephrem Tesfaye
Zemedu Mahamed
Million Molla Sisay
author_facet Mohammad Ali Mansournia
Mehdi Yaseri
Habteyes Tola
K Holakouie-Naieni
Dinka Fikadu Gamtesa
Ephrem Tesfaye
Zemedu Mahamed
Million Molla Sisay
author_sort Mohammad Ali Mansournia
collection DOAJ
description Objectives Treatment success rate in patients treated for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is low, but predictors of treatment failure and death have been under-reported. Thus, we aimed to determine the national proportion of treatment success rate in the past 10 years and factors that predict treatment failure and death in patients with MDR-TB in Ethiopia.Setting A retrospective cohort study with a 10-years follow-up period was conducted in 42 MDR-TB treatment-initiating centres in Ethiopia.Participants A total of 3395 adult patients with MDR-TB who had final treatment outcome and who were treated under national TB programme were included. Data were collected from clinical charts, registration books and laboratory reports. Competing risk survival analysis model with robust standard errors (SE) was used to determine the predictors of treatment failure and death.Primary and secondary outcomes Treatment outcome was a primary outcome whereas predictors of treatment failure and death were a secondary outcome.Results The proportion of treatment success was 75.7%, death rate was 12.8%, treatment failure was 1.7% and lost to follow-up was 9.7%. The significant predictors of death were older age (adjusted hazard ratio (AHR)=1.03; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.05; p<0.001), HIV infection (AHR=2.0; 95% CI 1.6 to 2.4; p<0.001) and presence of any grade of anaemia (AHR=1.7; 95% CI 1.4 to 2.0; p<0.001). Unlike the predictors of death, all variables included into multivariable model were not significantly associated with treatment failure.Conclusion In the past 10 years, although MDR-TB treatment success in Ethiopia has been consistently favourable, the proportion of patients who died is still considerable. Death could be attributed to advanced age, HIV infection and anaemia. Prospective cohort studies are necessary to further explore the potentially modifiable predictors of treatment failure.
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spelling doaj-art-4e547fcd80ea4c228d399459cdf6ec0b2024-12-09T14:10:11ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Open2044-60552021-08-0111810.1136/bmjopen-2020-040862National treatment outcome and predictors of death and treatment failure in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Ethiopia: a 10-year retrospective cohort studyMohammad Ali Mansournia0Mehdi Yaseri1Habteyes Tola2K Holakouie-Naieni3Dinka Fikadu Gamtesa4Ephrem Tesfaye5Zemedu Mahamed6Million Molla Sisay73 Sports Medicine Research Center, Neuroscience Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (the Islamic Republic of)TB/HIV Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaTB/HIV Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaTB/HIV Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaResearch and Evidence Generation Directorate,Saint Peter`s Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaObjectives Treatment success rate in patients treated for multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) is low, but predictors of treatment failure and death have been under-reported. Thus, we aimed to determine the national proportion of treatment success rate in the past 10 years and factors that predict treatment failure and death in patients with MDR-TB in Ethiopia.Setting A retrospective cohort study with a 10-years follow-up period was conducted in 42 MDR-TB treatment-initiating centres in Ethiopia.Participants A total of 3395 adult patients with MDR-TB who had final treatment outcome and who were treated under national TB programme were included. Data were collected from clinical charts, registration books and laboratory reports. Competing risk survival analysis model with robust standard errors (SE) was used to determine the predictors of treatment failure and death.Primary and secondary outcomes Treatment outcome was a primary outcome whereas predictors of treatment failure and death were a secondary outcome.Results The proportion of treatment success was 75.7%, death rate was 12.8%, treatment failure was 1.7% and lost to follow-up was 9.7%. The significant predictors of death were older age (adjusted hazard ratio (AHR)=1.03; 95% CI 1.03 to 1.05; p<0.001), HIV infection (AHR=2.0; 95% CI 1.6 to 2.4; p<0.001) and presence of any grade of anaemia (AHR=1.7; 95% CI 1.4 to 2.0; p<0.001). Unlike the predictors of death, all variables included into multivariable model were not significantly associated with treatment failure.Conclusion In the past 10 years, although MDR-TB treatment success in Ethiopia has been consistently favourable, the proportion of patients who died is still considerable. Death could be attributed to advanced age, HIV infection and anaemia. Prospective cohort studies are necessary to further explore the potentially modifiable predictors of treatment failure.https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/11/8/e040862.full
spellingShingle Mohammad Ali Mansournia
Mehdi Yaseri
Habteyes Tola
K Holakouie-Naieni
Dinka Fikadu Gamtesa
Ephrem Tesfaye
Zemedu Mahamed
Million Molla Sisay
National treatment outcome and predictors of death and treatment failure in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Ethiopia: a 10-year retrospective cohort study
BMJ Open
title National treatment outcome and predictors of death and treatment failure in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Ethiopia: a 10-year retrospective cohort study
title_full National treatment outcome and predictors of death and treatment failure in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Ethiopia: a 10-year retrospective cohort study
title_fullStr National treatment outcome and predictors of death and treatment failure in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Ethiopia: a 10-year retrospective cohort study
title_full_unstemmed National treatment outcome and predictors of death and treatment failure in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Ethiopia: a 10-year retrospective cohort study
title_short National treatment outcome and predictors of death and treatment failure in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis in Ethiopia: a 10-year retrospective cohort study
title_sort national treatment outcome and predictors of death and treatment failure in multidrug resistant tuberculosis in ethiopia a 10 year retrospective cohort study
url https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/11/8/e040862.full
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