Navigating Social Media: How Offline Ethics, Online Etiquette, and Protection Behavior Shape Self-Disclosure

Self-disclosure is one of the inevitable risky behaviors when using social media, which could lead to grave repercussions. Though self-disclosing benefits are abundant, risks like privacy invasion, security breaches, victim blaming, and cyber victimization await. However, the existing literature mai...

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Main Authors: Azma Alina Ali Zani, Azah Anir Norman, Norjihan Abdul Ghani, Riswan Septriayadi Sianturi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IEEE 2025-01-01
Series:IEEE Access
Subjects:
Online Access:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10943132/
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author Azma Alina Ali Zani
Azah Anir Norman
Norjihan Abdul Ghani
Riswan Septriayadi Sianturi
author_facet Azma Alina Ali Zani
Azah Anir Norman
Norjihan Abdul Ghani
Riswan Septriayadi Sianturi
author_sort Azma Alina Ali Zani
collection DOAJ
description Self-disclosure is one of the inevitable risky behaviors when using social media, which could lead to grave repercussions. Though self-disclosing benefits are abundant, risks like privacy invasion, security breaches, victim blaming, and cyber victimization await. However, the existing literature mainly discusses privacy-related factors as self-disclosure protection factors; although there have been several discussions regarding acting ethically to ensure cyber safety, it has yet to be investigated in relevance to self-disclosure behavior. Therefore, this study examines the relationship between social media etiquette, protection behavior, and self-disclosure on social media. We also discuss the relationship between offline ethical behavior through the Islamic lens and social media etiquette. Using a quantitative method, we assess the effect of social media etiquette and protection behavior on social media self-disclosures. We surveyed Muslim Malaysian adult social media users and analyzed the findings using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Results show that offline ethical behavior significantly affects social media etiquette. We also found that social media etiquette and perceived vulnerability negatively relate to social media self-disclosure. However, perceived severity, self-efficacy, and response efficacy do not significantly affect social media self-disclosures. This study sheds light on the importance of offline ethical behavior in shaping social media etiquette. Consequently, good social media etiquette has an impact on self-disclosure behavior. Thus, these findings offer essential insights for academics, practitioners, and social media platforms on future mitigation efforts for risky social media self-disclosures.
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spelling doaj-art-4e372d0380c74d9fa6eef7fad2d8fd2a2025-08-20T03:52:51ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362025-01-0113705987061510.1109/ACCESS.2025.355554810943132Navigating Social Media: How Offline Ethics, Online Etiquette, and Protection Behavior Shape Self-DisclosureAzma Alina Ali Zani0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2718-0892Azah Anir Norman1https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5420-0452Norjihan Abdul Ghani2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0804-3916Riswan Septriayadi Sianturi3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7853-741XDepartment of Information Systems, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaDepartment of Information Systems, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaDepartment of Information Systems, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, MalaysiaDepartment of Information Systems, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, East Java, IndonesiaSelf-disclosure is one of the inevitable risky behaviors when using social media, which could lead to grave repercussions. Though self-disclosing benefits are abundant, risks like privacy invasion, security breaches, victim blaming, and cyber victimization await. However, the existing literature mainly discusses privacy-related factors as self-disclosure protection factors; although there have been several discussions regarding acting ethically to ensure cyber safety, it has yet to be investigated in relevance to self-disclosure behavior. Therefore, this study examines the relationship between social media etiquette, protection behavior, and self-disclosure on social media. We also discuss the relationship between offline ethical behavior through the Islamic lens and social media etiquette. Using a quantitative method, we assess the effect of social media etiquette and protection behavior on social media self-disclosures. We surveyed Muslim Malaysian adult social media users and analyzed the findings using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM). Results show that offline ethical behavior significantly affects social media etiquette. We also found that social media etiquette and perceived vulnerability negatively relate to social media self-disclosure. However, perceived severity, self-efficacy, and response efficacy do not significantly affect social media self-disclosures. This study sheds light on the importance of offline ethical behavior in shaping social media etiquette. Consequently, good social media etiquette has an impact on self-disclosure behavior. Thus, these findings offer essential insights for academics, practitioners, and social media platforms on future mitigation efforts for risky social media self-disclosures.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10943132/Ethical behaviorsocial media self-disclosureprotection behaviorsocial media etiquette
spellingShingle Azma Alina Ali Zani
Azah Anir Norman
Norjihan Abdul Ghani
Riswan Septriayadi Sianturi
Navigating Social Media: How Offline Ethics, Online Etiquette, and Protection Behavior Shape Self-Disclosure
IEEE Access
Ethical behavior
social media self-disclosure
protection behavior
social media etiquette
title Navigating Social Media: How Offline Ethics, Online Etiquette, and Protection Behavior Shape Self-Disclosure
title_full Navigating Social Media: How Offline Ethics, Online Etiquette, and Protection Behavior Shape Self-Disclosure
title_fullStr Navigating Social Media: How Offline Ethics, Online Etiquette, and Protection Behavior Shape Self-Disclosure
title_full_unstemmed Navigating Social Media: How Offline Ethics, Online Etiquette, and Protection Behavior Shape Self-Disclosure
title_short Navigating Social Media: How Offline Ethics, Online Etiquette, and Protection Behavior Shape Self-Disclosure
title_sort navigating social media how offline ethics online etiquette and protection behavior shape self disclosure
topic Ethical behavior
social media self-disclosure
protection behavior
social media etiquette
url https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10943132/
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AT norjihanabdulghani navigatingsocialmediahowofflineethicsonlineetiquetteandprotectionbehaviorshapeselfdisclosure
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