Load frequency control in renewable based micro grid with Deep Neural Network based controller
Microgrids (MGs) offer numerous technical, economic, and environmental benefits, yet they face challenges due to high-frequency deviations caused by the unpredictable nature of the renewable energy source, and variable loads with the integration of Electric Vehicles (EVs). Numerous methods, algorith...
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| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Results in Engineering |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123024017973 |
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| author | Prasantini Samal Niranjan Nayak Anshuman Satapathy Sujit Kumar Bhuyan |
| author_facet | Prasantini Samal Niranjan Nayak Anshuman Satapathy Sujit Kumar Bhuyan |
| author_sort | Prasantini Samal |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Microgrids (MGs) offer numerous technical, economic, and environmental benefits, yet they face challenges due to high-frequency deviations caused by the unpredictable nature of the renewable energy source, and variable loads with the integration of Electric Vehicles (EVs). Numerous methods, algorithms, and controllers have been created to address these issues and preserve system stability and efficient load frequency control (LFC). This paper introduces a novel control strategy to optimise the load frequency model in a microgrid (MG) with vehicle-to-grid interactions using Particle Swarm Optimisation - deep Artificial Neural Network (PSO-DNN). The performance of the suggested controller is evaluated against traditional techniques, including dynamic EV charging and discharging, renewable energy integration, and fluctuating generation, using the proportional integral derivative (PID) controller and the PSO-PID controller. The PSO-DNN controller achieves 99.308 % efficiency, with a minimal mean squared error and an integrated time absolute error reduced to. It achieves a transient time of 18.5626 s, demonstrating quick response, accurate control, and quick peak output capabilities with little undershoot and overshoot. This analysis for stability confirms that the PSO-DNN controller effectively ensures stability in the microgrid's LFC system amidst uncertainties and disturbances, as compared to PID and fuzzy controllers. This approach enhances resilience, reduces settling time, and ensures reliable frequency control, validating its efficacy in maintaining stable and efficient microgrid operations. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-4de4cf5d7f2441ea9e2a633b45a55276 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2590-1230 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Results in Engineering |
| spelling | doaj-art-4de4cf5d7f2441ea9e2a633b45a552762025-01-04T04:56:56ZengElsevierResults in Engineering2590-12302025-03-0125103554Load frequency control in renewable based micro grid with Deep Neural Network based controllerPrasantini Samal0Niranjan Nayak1Anshuman Satapathy2Sujit Kumar Bhuyan3Department of Electrical Engineering, ITER, SOA Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, IndiaHOD, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, ITER, SOA Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India; Corresponding author at: House No-14, Binayak Enclave, khandagiri, Pincode-751030.Resource Assessment and Asset Analysis (RAAA), Manikaran Analytics Limited, New Delhi, IndiaDepartment of Electrical Engineering, ITER, SOA Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, IndiaMicrogrids (MGs) offer numerous technical, economic, and environmental benefits, yet they face challenges due to high-frequency deviations caused by the unpredictable nature of the renewable energy source, and variable loads with the integration of Electric Vehicles (EVs). Numerous methods, algorithms, and controllers have been created to address these issues and preserve system stability and efficient load frequency control (LFC). This paper introduces a novel control strategy to optimise the load frequency model in a microgrid (MG) with vehicle-to-grid interactions using Particle Swarm Optimisation - deep Artificial Neural Network (PSO-DNN). The performance of the suggested controller is evaluated against traditional techniques, including dynamic EV charging and discharging, renewable energy integration, and fluctuating generation, using the proportional integral derivative (PID) controller and the PSO-PID controller. The PSO-DNN controller achieves 99.308 % efficiency, with a minimal mean squared error and an integrated time absolute error reduced to. It achieves a transient time of 18.5626 s, demonstrating quick response, accurate control, and quick peak output capabilities with little undershoot and overshoot. This analysis for stability confirms that the PSO-DNN controller effectively ensures stability in the microgrid's LFC system amidst uncertainties and disturbances, as compared to PID and fuzzy controllers. This approach enhances resilience, reduces settling time, and ensures reliable frequency control, validating its efficacy in maintaining stable and efficient microgrid operations.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123024017973PID controllerFUZZY controllerDeep Neural Network (DNN)Two area Micro Grid (MG)Load frequency controller (LFC) |
| spellingShingle | Prasantini Samal Niranjan Nayak Anshuman Satapathy Sujit Kumar Bhuyan Load frequency control in renewable based micro grid with Deep Neural Network based controller Results in Engineering PID controller FUZZY controller Deep Neural Network (DNN) Two area Micro Grid (MG) Load frequency controller (LFC) |
| title | Load frequency control in renewable based micro grid with Deep Neural Network based controller |
| title_full | Load frequency control in renewable based micro grid with Deep Neural Network based controller |
| title_fullStr | Load frequency control in renewable based micro grid with Deep Neural Network based controller |
| title_full_unstemmed | Load frequency control in renewable based micro grid with Deep Neural Network based controller |
| title_short | Load frequency control in renewable based micro grid with Deep Neural Network based controller |
| title_sort | load frequency control in renewable based micro grid with deep neural network based controller |
| topic | PID controller FUZZY controller Deep Neural Network (DNN) Two area Micro Grid (MG) Load frequency controller (LFC) |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123024017973 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT prasantinisamal loadfrequencycontrolinrenewablebasedmicrogridwithdeepneuralnetworkbasedcontroller AT niranjannayak loadfrequencycontrolinrenewablebasedmicrogridwithdeepneuralnetworkbasedcontroller AT anshumansatapathy loadfrequencycontrolinrenewablebasedmicrogridwithdeepneuralnetworkbasedcontroller AT sujitkumarbhuyan loadfrequencycontrolinrenewablebasedmicrogridwithdeepneuralnetworkbasedcontroller |