Association between energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index and sleep quality disorders: a cross-sectional study on fasa adult cohort

Abstract Background The cross-link between diet, sleep quality, and chronic inflammation is increasingly recognized and gaining significant attention. However, current research on this topic is limited and conflicting. In this study, we explore the connection between diet’s inflammatory potential, m...

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Main Authors: Sina Bazmi, Hossein Pourmontaseri, Seyede Fateme Mousavi Shahraki, Ahmad Reza Pourmontaseri, Alireza Askari, Pezhman Bagheri, Reza Homayounfar, Mojtaba Farjam, Azizallah Dehghan, Bahareh Fakhraei, Farhad Vahid, Nematollah Jaafari
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-025-00998-w
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author Sina Bazmi
Hossein Pourmontaseri
Seyede Fateme Mousavi Shahraki
Ahmad Reza Pourmontaseri
Alireza Askari
Pezhman Bagheri
Reza Homayounfar
Mojtaba Farjam
Azizallah Dehghan
Bahareh Fakhraei
Farhad Vahid
Nematollah Jaafari
author_facet Sina Bazmi
Hossein Pourmontaseri
Seyede Fateme Mousavi Shahraki
Ahmad Reza Pourmontaseri
Alireza Askari
Pezhman Bagheri
Reza Homayounfar
Mojtaba Farjam
Azizallah Dehghan
Bahareh Fakhraei
Farhad Vahid
Nematollah Jaafari
author_sort Sina Bazmi
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background The cross-link between diet, sleep quality, and chronic inflammation is increasingly recognized and gaining significant attention. However, current research on this topic is limited and conflicting. In this study, we explore the connection between diet’s inflammatory potential, measured by the Energy-Adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index (E-DII), and sleep disorders in a rural Iranian population. Our hypothesis suggests that an inflammatory diet may contribute to sleep quality disorders. Methods This cross-sectional study included data from the Fasa Adult Cohort Study (FACS) (n = 10,138). Sleep efficiency < 85%, sleep duration < 7 h, and sleep latency > 15 min were defined using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The E-DII was calculated using a validated 125-item food frequency questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression models assessed the association between E-DII quartiles and sleep disorders. Results Our analyses included 9,761 individuals with a mean age of 49 ± 10 years. The average E-DII was − 0.30 ± 2.05. After adjusting for several confounders, participants in the highest quartile of E-DII had significantly higher odds of experiencing high sleep latency (OR = 1.30, 95%CI: 1.11–1.51, p-value < 0.001), low sleep efficiency (OR = 1.43, 95%CI: 1.17–1.76, p-value < 0.001), using sleeping pills (OR = 1.53, 95%CI: 1.19–1.97, p-value < 0.001), and no leg restlessness (OR = 0.83, 95%CI: 0.71–0.97, p-value 0.02) compared to those in the lowest quartile. However, E-DII did not correlate with sleep duration or daily dozing-offs. Conclusion Our findings have implications for dietary interventions in managing sleep disorders. Individuals with sleep difficulties, particularly in initiating sleep, are advised to reduce intake of proinflammatory nutrients and increase consumption of anti-inflammatory nutrients.
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spelling doaj-art-4d0e3959e3074d9a8076b95a38b1a69b2025-08-20T03:45:32ZengBMCJournal of Health, Population and Nutrition2072-13152025-07-0144111210.1186/s41043-025-00998-wAssociation between energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index and sleep quality disorders: a cross-sectional study on fasa adult cohortSina Bazmi0Hossein Pourmontaseri1Seyede Fateme Mousavi Shahraki2Ahmad Reza Pourmontaseri3Alireza Askari4Pezhman Bagheri5Reza Homayounfar6Mojtaba Farjam7Azizallah Dehghan8Bahareh Fakhraei9Farhad Vahid10Nematollah Jaafari11Student Research Committee, Fasa University of Medical SciencesStudent Research Committee, Fasa University of Medical SciencesStudent Research Committee, Fasa University of Medical SciencesStudent Research Committee, Islamic Azad University of ShirazDepartment of Orthopedic Surgery, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical SciencesNoncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical SciencesFaculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute (WHO Collaborating Center), Shahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesNoncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical SciencesNoncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical SciencesNoncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Fasa University of Medical SciencesNutrition and Health Research Group, Department of Precision Health, Luxembourg Institute of HealthCenter for Research on Cognition and Learning CNRS 7295, University of Poitiers, Clinical Research Unit in Psychiatry of the Center Hospitalier Henri LaboritAbstract Background The cross-link between diet, sleep quality, and chronic inflammation is increasingly recognized and gaining significant attention. However, current research on this topic is limited and conflicting. In this study, we explore the connection between diet’s inflammatory potential, measured by the Energy-Adjusted Dietary Inflammatory Index (E-DII), and sleep disorders in a rural Iranian population. Our hypothesis suggests that an inflammatory diet may contribute to sleep quality disorders. Methods This cross-sectional study included data from the Fasa Adult Cohort Study (FACS) (n = 10,138). Sleep efficiency < 85%, sleep duration < 7 h, and sleep latency > 15 min were defined using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). The E-DII was calculated using a validated 125-item food frequency questionnaire. Multivariable logistic regression models assessed the association between E-DII quartiles and sleep disorders. Results Our analyses included 9,761 individuals with a mean age of 49 ± 10 years. The average E-DII was − 0.30 ± 2.05. After adjusting for several confounders, participants in the highest quartile of E-DII had significantly higher odds of experiencing high sleep latency (OR = 1.30, 95%CI: 1.11–1.51, p-value < 0.001), low sleep efficiency (OR = 1.43, 95%CI: 1.17–1.76, p-value < 0.001), using sleeping pills (OR = 1.53, 95%CI: 1.19–1.97, p-value < 0.001), and no leg restlessness (OR = 0.83, 95%CI: 0.71–0.97, p-value 0.02) compared to those in the lowest quartile. However, E-DII did not correlate with sleep duration or daily dozing-offs. Conclusion Our findings have implications for dietary interventions in managing sleep disorders. Individuals with sleep difficulties, particularly in initiating sleep, are advised to reduce intake of proinflammatory nutrients and increase consumption of anti-inflammatory nutrients.https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-025-00998-wDietary inflammatory indexSleep latencyRestlessness legSleep durationDozing off
spellingShingle Sina Bazmi
Hossein Pourmontaseri
Seyede Fateme Mousavi Shahraki
Ahmad Reza Pourmontaseri
Alireza Askari
Pezhman Bagheri
Reza Homayounfar
Mojtaba Farjam
Azizallah Dehghan
Bahareh Fakhraei
Farhad Vahid
Nematollah Jaafari
Association between energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index and sleep quality disorders: a cross-sectional study on fasa adult cohort
Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition
Dietary inflammatory index
Sleep latency
Restlessness leg
Sleep duration
Dozing off
title Association between energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index and sleep quality disorders: a cross-sectional study on fasa adult cohort
title_full Association between energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index and sleep quality disorders: a cross-sectional study on fasa adult cohort
title_fullStr Association between energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index and sleep quality disorders: a cross-sectional study on fasa adult cohort
title_full_unstemmed Association between energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index and sleep quality disorders: a cross-sectional study on fasa adult cohort
title_short Association between energy-adjusted dietary inflammatory index and sleep quality disorders: a cross-sectional study on fasa adult cohort
title_sort association between energy adjusted dietary inflammatory index and sleep quality disorders a cross sectional study on fasa adult cohort
topic Dietary inflammatory index
Sleep latency
Restlessness leg
Sleep duration
Dozing off
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-025-00998-w
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