Ketogenic Diet Improves Sleep Quality and Daytime Sleepiness in Chronic Migraine: A Pilot Study

Ketogenic Diet Improves Sleep Quality and Daytime Sleepiness in Chronic Migraine: A Pilot Study

Aims: The aim of this study is to assess the sleep quality and daytime sleepiness improvement in chronic migraineurs after 6 months of a 2:1 KD (ketogenic diet) and LGID (low-glycemic-index diet). Methods: Twenty-six patients underwent 2:1 KD (11 patients) and LGID (15 patients). PSQI (Pittsburgh sl...

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Main Authors: Yan Tereshko, Simone Dal Bello, Enrico Belgrado, Cherubino Di Lorenzo, Alice Pittino, Francesca Filippi, Francesca Valdemarin, Christian Lettieri, Gian Luigi Gigli, Annacarmen Nilo, Gaia Pellitteri, Giovanni Merlino, Mariarosaria Valente
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-10-01
Series:Neurology International
Subjects:
ketogenic diet
migraine
headache
migraine prevention
low-glycemic index diet
2:1 ketogenic diet
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2035-8377/16/6/91
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Summary:Aims: The aim of this study is to assess the sleep quality and daytime sleepiness improvement in chronic migraineurs after 6 months of a 2:1 KD (ketogenic diet) and LGID (low-glycemic-index diet). Methods: Twenty-six patients underwent 2:1 KD (11 patients) and LGID (15 patients). PSQI (Pittsburgh sleep quality index) and ESS (Epworth sleepiness scale) were administered at the baseline and the 3-month and 6-month follow-up. MIDAS (Migraine Disability Assessment), HIT-6 (Headache Impact Test 6), migraine frequency (migraine days per month), migraine intensity, BMI (Body Mass Index), FM (Fat Mass), and FFM (Fat-Free Mass) were also assessed. Results: PSQI (F<sub>1.544, 38.606</sub> = 7.250; <i>p</i> = 0.004), ESS (F<sub>1.988, 49.708</sub> = 9.938; <i>p</i> < 0.001), HIT-6 (F<sub>1.432, 35.805</sub> = 12.693; <i>p</i> < 0.001), migraine frequency (F<sub>1.522, 38.041</sub> = 23.070; <i>p</i> < 0.001), migraine intensity (F<sub>1.949, 48.721</sub> = 18.798; <i>p</i> < 0.001), BMI (F<sub>1.274, 31.857</sub> = 38.191; <i>p</i> < 0.001), and FM (F<sub>1.245, 31.134</sub> = 45.487; <i>p</i> < 0.001) improved significantly. The MIDAS (F<sub>1.005, 25.121</sub> = 3.037; <i>p</i> = 0.093) and the FMM (F<sub>1.311, 32.784</sub> = 1.741; <i>p</i> = 0.197) did not improve significantly. The ESS (<i>p</i> = 0.712) and PSQI (<i>p</i> = 0.776) data at 3-month and 6-month follow-ups did not differ significantly, as well as for migraine frequency, migraine intensity, BMI, FM, and HIT-6. A mild correlation emerged between the mean FM and mean ESS reduction during the 6 months (<i>r</i> = 0.497, <i>p</i> = 0.010). Conclusions: Six months of LGID and 2:1 KD can improve sleep quality and daytime sleepiness in patients with chronic migraine. The effectiveness on migraine, sleep quality, and daytime sleepiness does not differ significantly between the 3-month and 6-month follow-up periods.
ISSN:2035-8377

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