Association between geriatric nutritional risk index and thoracic aorta morphological changes in cancer adults underwent contrast computed tomography scans

BackgroundCancer survivors have a heightened risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), partly associated with high rates of malnutrition, which is linked to poor cardiovascular outcomes. Changes in aortic morphology affect vascular hemodynamics and cardiovascular health. However, the relationship betwee...

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Main Authors: Zhijie Jian, Zixuan Meng, Xiangrui Qiao, Hui Liu, Bolin Li, Yue Wu, Wenjun Liu, Lele Cheng
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-08-01
Series:Frontiers in Nutrition
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1583220/full
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author Zhijie Jian
Zixuan Meng
Xiangrui Qiao
Hui Liu
Bolin Li
Yue Wu
Wenjun Liu
Lele Cheng
author_facet Zhijie Jian
Zixuan Meng
Xiangrui Qiao
Hui Liu
Bolin Li
Yue Wu
Wenjun Liu
Lele Cheng
author_sort Zhijie Jian
collection DOAJ
description BackgroundCancer survivors have a heightened risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), partly associated with high rates of malnutrition, which is linked to poor cardiovascular outcomes. Changes in aortic morphology affect vascular hemodynamics and cardiovascular health. However, the relationship between malnutrition and aortic morphology in cancer patients remains unreported. This study aims to investigate the relationship between malnutrition and thoracic aorta morphological changes in cancer adults.MethodsWe performed a cross-sectional study of 189 adults without known cardiovascular disease who underwent computed tomography (CT) enhanced scan between 2020 and 2021. All patients were divided into three groups according to three categories of the geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI): moderate to severe, GNRI of < 92 (n = 54); low, GNRI of 92–98 (n = 36); and absence of risk, GNRI of ≥98 (n = 99). The morphology of the aorta was measured by segmental diameters and tortuosity using CT.ResultsA total of 189 patients were included in the study. The average age in this study was 60.8 ± 16.5 years, with 115 men (60.8%). About half of the patients were at risk of malnutrition. Compared with the absent-risk group, participants with low or moderate to severe risk exhibited significantly larger diameters and more tortuosity of the ascending and arcus aorta, thoracic aorta, and descending thoracic aorta (all P < 0.05). We observed linear and negative associations of the GNRI value with the diameter in L1–L3 (r = −0.47, r = −0.48, r = −0.47, respectively; all P < 0.001) and tortuosity of the ascending and arcus aorta, thoracic aorta and descending thoracic aorta (r = −0.54, r = −0.53, r = −0.59, all P < 0.001). Besides, there were significant associations between malnourishment risk and morphological characteristics of the thoracic aorta in both the adjusted and unadjusted linear regression models, especially in older patients.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that malnutrition measured by GNRI is linked to aortic diameter and tortuosity in cancer patients, reflecting the exploratory role in identifying malnutrition as a novel risk marker in cardio-oncology. Future studies could explore whether improving GNRI through targeted nutritional support mitigates aortic remodeling.
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spelling doaj-art-4cd1a838d3ae467e9b6e596039c2fb052025-08-22T04:10:41ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Nutrition2296-861X2025-08-011210.3389/fnut.2025.15832201583220Association between geriatric nutritional risk index and thoracic aorta morphological changes in cancer adults underwent contrast computed tomography scansZhijie Jian0Zixuan Meng1Xiangrui Qiao2Hui Liu3Bolin Li4Yue Wu5Wenjun Liu6Lele Cheng7Department of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, ChinaDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, ChinaDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, ChinaBiobank, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, ChinaDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, ChinaDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, ChinaDepartment of Cardiovascular Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, ChinaDepartment of Medical Imaging, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, ChinaBackgroundCancer survivors have a heightened risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD), partly associated with high rates of malnutrition, which is linked to poor cardiovascular outcomes. Changes in aortic morphology affect vascular hemodynamics and cardiovascular health. However, the relationship between malnutrition and aortic morphology in cancer patients remains unreported. This study aims to investigate the relationship between malnutrition and thoracic aorta morphological changes in cancer adults.MethodsWe performed a cross-sectional study of 189 adults without known cardiovascular disease who underwent computed tomography (CT) enhanced scan between 2020 and 2021. All patients were divided into three groups according to three categories of the geriatric nutritional risk index (GNRI): moderate to severe, GNRI of < 92 (n = 54); low, GNRI of 92–98 (n = 36); and absence of risk, GNRI of ≥98 (n = 99). The morphology of the aorta was measured by segmental diameters and tortuosity using CT.ResultsA total of 189 patients were included in the study. The average age in this study was 60.8 ± 16.5 years, with 115 men (60.8%). About half of the patients were at risk of malnutrition. Compared with the absent-risk group, participants with low or moderate to severe risk exhibited significantly larger diameters and more tortuosity of the ascending and arcus aorta, thoracic aorta, and descending thoracic aorta (all P < 0.05). We observed linear and negative associations of the GNRI value with the diameter in L1–L3 (r = −0.47, r = −0.48, r = −0.47, respectively; all P < 0.001) and tortuosity of the ascending and arcus aorta, thoracic aorta and descending thoracic aorta (r = −0.54, r = −0.53, r = −0.59, all P < 0.001). Besides, there were significant associations between malnourishment risk and morphological characteristics of the thoracic aorta in both the adjusted and unadjusted linear regression models, especially in older patients.ConclusionsOur findings indicate that malnutrition measured by GNRI is linked to aortic diameter and tortuosity in cancer patients, reflecting the exploratory role in identifying malnutrition as a novel risk marker in cardio-oncology. Future studies could explore whether improving GNRI through targeted nutritional support mitigates aortic remodeling.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1583220/fullgeriatric nutritional risk indexthoracic aorta tortuositycancercomputed tomographymalnutrition
spellingShingle Zhijie Jian
Zixuan Meng
Xiangrui Qiao
Hui Liu
Bolin Li
Yue Wu
Wenjun Liu
Lele Cheng
Association between geriatric nutritional risk index and thoracic aorta morphological changes in cancer adults underwent contrast computed tomography scans
Frontiers in Nutrition
geriatric nutritional risk index
thoracic aorta tortuosity
cancer
computed tomography
malnutrition
title Association between geriatric nutritional risk index and thoracic aorta morphological changes in cancer adults underwent contrast computed tomography scans
title_full Association between geriatric nutritional risk index and thoracic aorta morphological changes in cancer adults underwent contrast computed tomography scans
title_fullStr Association between geriatric nutritional risk index and thoracic aorta morphological changes in cancer adults underwent contrast computed tomography scans
title_full_unstemmed Association between geriatric nutritional risk index and thoracic aorta morphological changes in cancer adults underwent contrast computed tomography scans
title_short Association between geriatric nutritional risk index and thoracic aorta morphological changes in cancer adults underwent contrast computed tomography scans
title_sort association between geriatric nutritional risk index and thoracic aorta morphological changes in cancer adults underwent contrast computed tomography scans
topic geriatric nutritional risk index
thoracic aorta tortuosity
cancer
computed tomography
malnutrition
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnut.2025.1583220/full
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