Spontaneous Resolution of an Aggressive Direct Carotid Cavernous Fistula Following Partial Transvenous Embolization Treatment: A Case Report and Review of Literatures

Traumatic direct type carotid cavernous fistula (CCF) is an acquired arteriovenous shunt between the carotid artery and the cavernous sinus post severe craniofacial trauma or iatrogenic injury. We reported a 46-year-old woman who had developed a traumatic direct type CCF after severe head trauma wit...

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Main Authors: Wen-Jui Liao, Chun-Yuan Hsiao, Chin-Hsiu Chen, Yuan-Yun Tseng, Tao-Chieh Yang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-12-01
Series:Medicina
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/60/12/2011
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author Wen-Jui Liao
Chun-Yuan Hsiao
Chin-Hsiu Chen
Yuan-Yun Tseng
Tao-Chieh Yang
author_facet Wen-Jui Liao
Chun-Yuan Hsiao
Chin-Hsiu Chen
Yuan-Yun Tseng
Tao-Chieh Yang
author_sort Wen-Jui Liao
collection DOAJ
description Traumatic direct type carotid cavernous fistula (CCF) is an acquired arteriovenous shunt between the carotid artery and the cavernous sinus post severe craniofacial trauma or iatrogenic injury. We reported a 46-year-old woman who had developed a traumatic direct type CCF after severe head trauma with a skull base fracture and brain contusion hemorrhage. The clinical manifestations of the patient included pulsatile exophthalmos, proptosis, bruits, chemosis, and a decline in consciousness. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed engorgement of the right superior ophthalmic vein (SOV), perifocal cerebral edema in the right frontal–temporal cortex, right basal ganglia, and brain stem. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) disclosed a direct type high-flow CCF with an aggressive cortical venous reflux drainage pattern, which was attributed to Barrow type A and Thomas classification type 5. After partial treatment by transvenous coil embolization for the CCF, the residual high-flow fistula with aggressive venous drainage had an unusual rapid spontaneous resolution in a brief period. Therefore, it is strongly recommended to meticulously monitor the clinical conditions of patients and perform brain MRI and DSA at short intervals to determine the treatment strategy for residual CCF after partial endovascular treatment.
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spelling doaj-art-4ca3eec1e2fd4a4dbdbe3eb3ece84b662024-12-27T14:38:49ZengMDPI AGMedicina1010-660X1648-91442024-12-016012201110.3390/medicina60122011Spontaneous Resolution of an Aggressive Direct Carotid Cavernous Fistula Following Partial Transvenous Embolization Treatment: A Case Report and Review of LiteraturesWen-Jui Liao0Chun-Yuan Hsiao1Chin-Hsiu Chen2Yuan-Yun Tseng3Tao-Chieh Yang4Department of Neurosurgery, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 402, Taiwan, ChinaDepartment of Medical Education, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 402, Taiwan, ChinaDepartment of Neurosurgery, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 402, Taiwan, ChinaDepartment of Neurosurgery, New Taipei Municipal Tu-Cheng Hospital (Built and Operated by Chang Gung Medical Foundation), New Taipei City 236, Taiwan, ChinaDepartment of Neurosurgery, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung City 402, Taiwan, ChinaTraumatic direct type carotid cavernous fistula (CCF) is an acquired arteriovenous shunt between the carotid artery and the cavernous sinus post severe craniofacial trauma or iatrogenic injury. We reported a 46-year-old woman who had developed a traumatic direct type CCF after severe head trauma with a skull base fracture and brain contusion hemorrhage. The clinical manifestations of the patient included pulsatile exophthalmos, proptosis, bruits, chemosis, and a decline in consciousness. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) revealed engorgement of the right superior ophthalmic vein (SOV), perifocal cerebral edema in the right frontal–temporal cortex, right basal ganglia, and brain stem. Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) disclosed a direct type high-flow CCF with an aggressive cortical venous reflux drainage pattern, which was attributed to Barrow type A and Thomas classification type 5. After partial treatment by transvenous coil embolization for the CCF, the residual high-flow fistula with aggressive venous drainage had an unusual rapid spontaneous resolution in a brief period. Therefore, it is strongly recommended to meticulously monitor the clinical conditions of patients and perform brain MRI and DSA at short intervals to determine the treatment strategy for residual CCF after partial endovascular treatment.https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/60/12/2011carotid cavernous fistulasinternal carotid arterycortical vein refluxendovascular treatmentdigital subtraction angiographymagnetic resonance imaging
spellingShingle Wen-Jui Liao
Chun-Yuan Hsiao
Chin-Hsiu Chen
Yuan-Yun Tseng
Tao-Chieh Yang
Spontaneous Resolution of an Aggressive Direct Carotid Cavernous Fistula Following Partial Transvenous Embolization Treatment: A Case Report and Review of Literatures
Medicina
carotid cavernous fistulas
internal carotid artery
cortical vein reflux
endovascular treatment
digital subtraction angiography
magnetic resonance imaging
title Spontaneous Resolution of an Aggressive Direct Carotid Cavernous Fistula Following Partial Transvenous Embolization Treatment: A Case Report and Review of Literatures
title_full Spontaneous Resolution of an Aggressive Direct Carotid Cavernous Fistula Following Partial Transvenous Embolization Treatment: A Case Report and Review of Literatures
title_fullStr Spontaneous Resolution of an Aggressive Direct Carotid Cavernous Fistula Following Partial Transvenous Embolization Treatment: A Case Report and Review of Literatures
title_full_unstemmed Spontaneous Resolution of an Aggressive Direct Carotid Cavernous Fistula Following Partial Transvenous Embolization Treatment: A Case Report and Review of Literatures
title_short Spontaneous Resolution of an Aggressive Direct Carotid Cavernous Fistula Following Partial Transvenous Embolization Treatment: A Case Report and Review of Literatures
title_sort spontaneous resolution of an aggressive direct carotid cavernous fistula following partial transvenous embolization treatment a case report and review of literatures
topic carotid cavernous fistulas
internal carotid artery
cortical vein reflux
endovascular treatment
digital subtraction angiography
magnetic resonance imaging
url https://www.mdpi.com/1648-9144/60/12/2011
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