Factors Influencing Differences Between Computed and Measured Ground Resistance Values for Horizontal Tape Electrodes

This paper investigates the steady-state resistance (RDC) of copper tape electrodes across eight configurations. The study evaluates both field measurements and simulations using CDEGS at two distinct sites with varying soil characteristics. It emphasizes the impact of electrode size, installation s...

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Main Authors: Usman Muhammad, Nurul Nadia Ahmad, Normiza Mohamad Nor, Fazlul Aman
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Energies
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/23/5845
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author Usman Muhammad
Nurul Nadia Ahmad
Normiza Mohamad Nor
Fazlul Aman
author_facet Usman Muhammad
Nurul Nadia Ahmad
Normiza Mohamad Nor
Fazlul Aman
author_sort Usman Muhammad
collection DOAJ
description This paper investigates the steady-state resistance (RDC) of copper tape electrodes across eight configurations. The study evaluates both field measurements and simulations using CDEGS at two distinct sites with varying soil characteristics. It emphasizes the impact of electrode size, installation sequence, and soil disturbance caused by sequential installations. Specifically, the results reveal that the first configuration, which maintained a 100% tape-to-trench ratio with no disturbance, yielded computed values within the measured range at both sites. Subsequent configurations demonstrated varying degrees of soil disturbance, affecting RDC values, particularly in high-resistivity conditions. At the low-resistivity Site 1, as the tape-to-trench ratio increased, discrepancies between measured and computed RDC values decreased, highlighting a strong dependency on electrode size and soil cohesion after backfilling. In contrast, at the high-resistivity Site 2, RDC values remained relatively stable with increasing tape-to-trench ratio, likely due to lower soil cohesion and higher air void presence. These findings underscore the importance of considering soil disturbance effects in computational models to enhance the accuracy of RDC predictions and optimize grounding performance.
format Article
id doaj-art-4c6bf6de2731408bac93af52f1b023bd
institution Kabale University
issn 1996-1073
language English
publishDate 2024-11-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Energies
spelling doaj-art-4c6bf6de2731408bac93af52f1b023bd2024-12-13T16:25:06ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732024-11-011723584510.3390/en17235845Factors Influencing Differences Between Computed and Measured Ground Resistance Values for Horizontal Tape ElectrodesUsman Muhammad0Nurul Nadia Ahmad1Normiza Mohamad Nor2Fazlul Aman3Faculty of Engineering, Multimedia University, Persiaran Multimedia, Cyberjaya 63100, MalaysiaFaculty of Engineering, Multimedia University, Persiaran Multimedia, Cyberjaya 63100, MalaysiaFaculty of Engineering, Multimedia University, Persiaran Multimedia, Cyberjaya 63100, MalaysiaFaculty of Engineering, Multimedia University, Persiaran Multimedia, Cyberjaya 63100, MalaysiaThis paper investigates the steady-state resistance (RDC) of copper tape electrodes across eight configurations. The study evaluates both field measurements and simulations using CDEGS at two distinct sites with varying soil characteristics. It emphasizes the impact of electrode size, installation sequence, and soil disturbance caused by sequential installations. Specifically, the results reveal that the first configuration, which maintained a 100% tape-to-trench ratio with no disturbance, yielded computed values within the measured range at both sites. Subsequent configurations demonstrated varying degrees of soil disturbance, affecting RDC values, particularly in high-resistivity conditions. At the low-resistivity Site 1, as the tape-to-trench ratio increased, discrepancies between measured and computed RDC values decreased, highlighting a strong dependency on electrode size and soil cohesion after backfilling. In contrast, at the high-resistivity Site 2, RDC values remained relatively stable with increasing tape-to-trench ratio, likely due to lower soil cohesion and higher air void presence. These findings underscore the importance of considering soil disturbance effects in computational models to enhance the accuracy of RDC predictions and optimize grounding performance.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/23/5845soil resistivitysteady-state ground resistance (RDC)soil disturbanceCDEGShorizontal electrode configurationcopper tape
spellingShingle Usman Muhammad
Nurul Nadia Ahmad
Normiza Mohamad Nor
Fazlul Aman
Factors Influencing Differences Between Computed and Measured Ground Resistance Values for Horizontal Tape Electrodes
Energies
soil resistivity
steady-state ground resistance (RDC)
soil disturbance
CDEGS
horizontal electrode configuration
copper tape
title Factors Influencing Differences Between Computed and Measured Ground Resistance Values for Horizontal Tape Electrodes
title_full Factors Influencing Differences Between Computed and Measured Ground Resistance Values for Horizontal Tape Electrodes
title_fullStr Factors Influencing Differences Between Computed and Measured Ground Resistance Values for Horizontal Tape Electrodes
title_full_unstemmed Factors Influencing Differences Between Computed and Measured Ground Resistance Values for Horizontal Tape Electrodes
title_short Factors Influencing Differences Between Computed and Measured Ground Resistance Values for Horizontal Tape Electrodes
title_sort factors influencing differences between computed and measured ground resistance values for horizontal tape electrodes
topic soil resistivity
steady-state ground resistance (RDC)
soil disturbance
CDEGS
horizontal electrode configuration
copper tape
url https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/23/5845
work_keys_str_mv AT usmanmuhammad factorsinfluencingdifferencesbetweencomputedandmeasuredgroundresistancevaluesforhorizontaltapeelectrodes
AT nurulnadiaahmad factorsinfluencingdifferencesbetweencomputedandmeasuredgroundresistancevaluesforhorizontaltapeelectrodes
AT normizamohamadnor factorsinfluencingdifferencesbetweencomputedandmeasuredgroundresistancevaluesforhorizontaltapeelectrodes
AT fazlulaman factorsinfluencingdifferencesbetweencomputedandmeasuredgroundresistancevaluesforhorizontaltapeelectrodes