The PopHEAD study: a population-based, cross-sectional study on headache burden in Norway: methods and validation of questionnaire-based diagnoses

Abstract Background There is a lack of up-to-date information on the prevalence and burden of headache in Norway. Here we describe the methods and validation of the diagnostic tool of the PopHEAD study, a study designed to determine the prevalence and burden of migraine, tension-type headache, and m...

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Main Authors: Maria Bengtson Argren, Helene Engstrand, Andreas Kattem Husøy, John-Anker Zwart, Bendik Slagsvold Winsvold
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2024-11-01
Series:The Journal of Headache and Pain
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194-024-01901-4
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author Maria Bengtson Argren
Helene Engstrand
Andreas Kattem Husøy
John-Anker Zwart
Bendik Slagsvold Winsvold
author_facet Maria Bengtson Argren
Helene Engstrand
Andreas Kattem Husøy
John-Anker Zwart
Bendik Slagsvold Winsvold
author_sort Maria Bengtson Argren
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background There is a lack of up-to-date information on the prevalence and burden of headache in Norway. Here we describe the methods and validation of the diagnostic tool of the PopHEAD study, a study designed to determine the prevalence and burden of migraine, tension-type headache, and medication-overuse headache. Method PopHEAD is a Norwegian population-based cross-sectional study conducted in Vestfold and Telemark County in 2023. A random sample of 28,753 individuals aged 18 to 70 was invited to participate. The study used a digital version of the Headache-Attributed Restriction, Disability, Social Handicap and Impaired Participation (HARDSHIP) questionnaire, translated into Norwegian using the Lifting The Burden translation protocol. A subsample of participants was contacted by telephone within four weeks for an interview with a headache neurologist blinded to the questionnaire responses. Headache disorders were diagnosed according to the criteria of the International Classification of Headache Disorders version 3. Validity was expressed by sensitivity, specificity and Cohen’s kappa (κ). Results In total, 8,265 (3,344 men and 4,921 women) responded. Most men (75.0%) and women (89.7%) reported having had a headache in the past year. Of 667 participants contacted for a telephone interview, 505 responded. The sensitivity and specificity of the questionnaire-based diagnoses were 97% and 72% for self-reported headache in the previous year (Cohen’s kappa κ = 0.72), 77% and 85% for migraine (κ = 0.61), 77% and 74% for tension-type headache (κ = 0.51), and 58% and 99% for medication-overuse headache (κ = 0.63), respectively. Conclusion The PopHEAD questionnaire is a valid tool for identifying individuals with lifetime headache, migraine, tension-type headache, and medication overuse headache.
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spelling doaj-art-4c3b342e0fc9462e98b0503138d54f5a2024-11-24T12:36:32ZengBMCThe Journal of Headache and Pain1129-23772024-11-012511810.1186/s10194-024-01901-4The PopHEAD study: a population-based, cross-sectional study on headache burden in Norway: methods and validation of questionnaire-based diagnosesMaria Bengtson Argren0Helene Engstrand1Andreas Kattem Husøy2John-Anker Zwart3Bendik Slagsvold Winsvold4Department of Neurology, Oslo University HospitalDepartment of Neurology, Oslo University HospitalNorwegian Centre for Headache Research (NorHEAD), Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyNorwegian Centre for Headache Research (NorHEAD), Norwegian University of Science and TechnologyDepartment of Neurology, Oslo University HospitalAbstract Background There is a lack of up-to-date information on the prevalence and burden of headache in Norway. Here we describe the methods and validation of the diagnostic tool of the PopHEAD study, a study designed to determine the prevalence and burden of migraine, tension-type headache, and medication-overuse headache. Method PopHEAD is a Norwegian population-based cross-sectional study conducted in Vestfold and Telemark County in 2023. A random sample of 28,753 individuals aged 18 to 70 was invited to participate. The study used a digital version of the Headache-Attributed Restriction, Disability, Social Handicap and Impaired Participation (HARDSHIP) questionnaire, translated into Norwegian using the Lifting The Burden translation protocol. A subsample of participants was contacted by telephone within four weeks for an interview with a headache neurologist blinded to the questionnaire responses. Headache disorders were diagnosed according to the criteria of the International Classification of Headache Disorders version 3. Validity was expressed by sensitivity, specificity and Cohen’s kappa (κ). Results In total, 8,265 (3,344 men and 4,921 women) responded. Most men (75.0%) and women (89.7%) reported having had a headache in the past year. Of 667 participants contacted for a telephone interview, 505 responded. The sensitivity and specificity of the questionnaire-based diagnoses were 97% and 72% for self-reported headache in the previous year (Cohen’s kappa κ = 0.72), 77% and 85% for migraine (κ = 0.61), 77% and 74% for tension-type headache (κ = 0.51), and 58% and 99% for medication-overuse headache (κ = 0.63), respectively. Conclusion The PopHEAD questionnaire is a valid tool for identifying individuals with lifetime headache, migraine, tension-type headache, and medication overuse headache.https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194-024-01901-4Headache burdenEpidemiologyMethodologyMigraineTension type headacheMedication overuse headache
spellingShingle Maria Bengtson Argren
Helene Engstrand
Andreas Kattem Husøy
John-Anker Zwart
Bendik Slagsvold Winsvold
The PopHEAD study: a population-based, cross-sectional study on headache burden in Norway: methods and validation of questionnaire-based diagnoses
The Journal of Headache and Pain
Headache burden
Epidemiology
Methodology
Migraine
Tension type headache
Medication overuse headache
title The PopHEAD study: a population-based, cross-sectional study on headache burden in Norway: methods and validation of questionnaire-based diagnoses
title_full The PopHEAD study: a population-based, cross-sectional study on headache burden in Norway: methods and validation of questionnaire-based diagnoses
title_fullStr The PopHEAD study: a population-based, cross-sectional study on headache burden in Norway: methods and validation of questionnaire-based diagnoses
title_full_unstemmed The PopHEAD study: a population-based, cross-sectional study on headache burden in Norway: methods and validation of questionnaire-based diagnoses
title_short The PopHEAD study: a population-based, cross-sectional study on headache burden in Norway: methods and validation of questionnaire-based diagnoses
title_sort pophead study a population based cross sectional study on headache burden in norway methods and validation of questionnaire based diagnoses
topic Headache burden
Epidemiology
Methodology
Migraine
Tension type headache
Medication overuse headache
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s10194-024-01901-4
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