Flexible four-port MIMO antenna for 5G NR-FR2 tri-band mmWave application with SAR analysis
Abstract This paper introduces a compact, triband four-port Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna optimized for mmWave 5G and navigation services. The antenna is built on a Rogers RT Duroid 5880 substrate, with dimensions of 31 × 42 mm² and a thickness of 0.4 mm. It utilizes a 50 Ω microstri...
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Nature Portfolio
2024-11-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-79859-1 |
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| author | Manish Sharma Bhaskara Rao Perli Lovish Matta Tathababu Addepalli Kanhaiya Sharma Fadi N. Sibai |
| author_facet | Manish Sharma Bhaskara Rao Perli Lovish Matta Tathababu Addepalli Kanhaiya Sharma Fadi N. Sibai |
| author_sort | Manish Sharma |
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| description | Abstract This paper introduces a compact, triband four-port Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna optimized for mmWave 5G and navigation services. The antenna is built on a Rogers RT Duroid 5880 substrate, with dimensions of 31 × 42 mm² and a thickness of 0.4 mm. It utilizes a 50 Ω microstrip line to feed a stub-type radiating patch, creating a dipole-loop type structure on the substrate’s top side, with a full ground plane for narrowband. The antenna is initially designed for 38 GHz but was subsequently modified for triband performance by tapering the edges of the stub shape, enabling it to function across multiple frequency ranges. The tapered edges of the radiating patch enhance resonance across the three bands. To improve isolation and bandwidth, a parasitic element is strategically placed between the MIMO elements, results isolation greater than 30 dB at the 32 GHz and 38 GHz bands. The MIMO elements are mirror images placed adjacent to one another, while the other two elements are arranged 180º apart, ensuring compactness. The proposed antenna operates across three frequency bands: 27.76–28.15 GHz (n261), 32.02–32.46 GHz (part of n260 and n261), and 37.39–38.586 GHz (part of n260), offering enhanced resonance and improved isolation. The parasitic element reduces mutual coupling between adjacent elements, improving diversity parameters such as Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC) < 0.0010, Diversity Gain (DG) = 10 dB, Channel Capacity Loss (CCL) = 0.15 bits/sec/Hz, Total Active Reflection Coefficient (TARC) < -10 dB, and Mean Effective Gain (MEG) between − 3 and − 12 dB across all ports. Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) analysis for on-body applications confirms safe levels, with values below 1.6 W/kg at the resonating frequencies. Bending tests also show favourable results within the application bandwidth, further validating the antenna’s robustness. These technical improvements make the antenna highly suitable for integration into smart devices, defence navigation systems, mobile phones, and future 5G applications. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-4c263fcf65b4420d90fcf4b8dcd7eec4 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-2322 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-11-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Scientific Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-4c263fcf65b4420d90fcf4b8dcd7eec42024-11-24T12:21:15ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222024-11-0114112110.1038/s41598-024-79859-1Flexible four-port MIMO antenna for 5G NR-FR2 tri-band mmWave application with SAR analysisManish Sharma0Bhaskara Rao Perli1Lovish Matta2Tathababu Addepalli3Kanhaiya Sharma4Fadi N. Sibai5Chitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara UniversityDepartment of ECE, St. Ann’s College of Engineering and TechnologyChitkara University Institute of Engineering and Technology, Chitkara UniversityDepartment of ECE, Aditya UniversityDepartment of Computer Science & Engineering, Symbiosis International(Deemed UniversityGUST Engineering and Applied Innovation Research Center (GEAR), Gulf University for Science and TechnologyAbstract This paper introduces a compact, triband four-port Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) antenna optimized for mmWave 5G and navigation services. The antenna is built on a Rogers RT Duroid 5880 substrate, with dimensions of 31 × 42 mm² and a thickness of 0.4 mm. It utilizes a 50 Ω microstrip line to feed a stub-type radiating patch, creating a dipole-loop type structure on the substrate’s top side, with a full ground plane for narrowband. The antenna is initially designed for 38 GHz but was subsequently modified for triband performance by tapering the edges of the stub shape, enabling it to function across multiple frequency ranges. The tapered edges of the radiating patch enhance resonance across the three bands. To improve isolation and bandwidth, a parasitic element is strategically placed between the MIMO elements, results isolation greater than 30 dB at the 32 GHz and 38 GHz bands. The MIMO elements are mirror images placed adjacent to one another, while the other two elements are arranged 180º apart, ensuring compactness. The proposed antenna operates across three frequency bands: 27.76–28.15 GHz (n261), 32.02–32.46 GHz (part of n260 and n261), and 37.39–38.586 GHz (part of n260), offering enhanced resonance and improved isolation. The parasitic element reduces mutual coupling between adjacent elements, improving diversity parameters such as Envelope Correlation Coefficient (ECC) < 0.0010, Diversity Gain (DG) = 10 dB, Channel Capacity Loss (CCL) = 0.15 bits/sec/Hz, Total Active Reflection Coefficient (TARC) < -10 dB, and Mean Effective Gain (MEG) between − 3 and − 12 dB across all ports. Specific Absorption Rate (SAR) analysis for on-body applications confirms safe levels, with values below 1.6 W/kg at the resonating frequencies. Bending tests also show favourable results within the application bandwidth, further validating the antenna’s robustness. These technical improvements make the antenna highly suitable for integration into smart devices, defence navigation systems, mobile phones, and future 5G applications.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-79859-15GHigh-density fixed services (HDFS)MIMOn260n261On-Body devices |
| spellingShingle | Manish Sharma Bhaskara Rao Perli Lovish Matta Tathababu Addepalli Kanhaiya Sharma Fadi N. Sibai Flexible four-port MIMO antenna for 5G NR-FR2 tri-band mmWave application with SAR analysis Scientific Reports 5G High-density fixed services (HDFS) MIMO n260 n261 On-Body devices |
| title | Flexible four-port MIMO antenna for 5G NR-FR2 tri-band mmWave application with SAR analysis |
| title_full | Flexible four-port MIMO antenna for 5G NR-FR2 tri-band mmWave application with SAR analysis |
| title_fullStr | Flexible four-port MIMO antenna for 5G NR-FR2 tri-band mmWave application with SAR analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Flexible four-port MIMO antenna for 5G NR-FR2 tri-band mmWave application with SAR analysis |
| title_short | Flexible four-port MIMO antenna for 5G NR-FR2 tri-band mmWave application with SAR analysis |
| title_sort | flexible four port mimo antenna for 5g nr fr2 tri band mmwave application with sar analysis |
| topic | 5G High-density fixed services (HDFS) MIMO n260 n261 On-Body devices |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-79859-1 |
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