Microbial Colonization, Biofilm Formation, and Malodour of Washing Machine Surfaces and Fabrics and the Evolution of Detergents in Response to Consumer Demands and Environmental Concerns

Bacterial attachment and biofilm formation are associated with the contamination and fouling at several locations in a washing machine, which is a particularly complex environment made from a range of metal, polymer, and rubber components. Microorganisms also adhere to different types of clothing fi...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Patricia Osta-Ustarroz, Allister J. Theobald, Kathryn A. Whitehead
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-12-01
Series:Antibiotics
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2079-6382/13/12/1227
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