On Radial Heat Transport in Porous Aquifers With Nonlinear Velocity‐Dependent Thermal Dispersion

Abstract Accurate modeling of heat transport behavior near the test well is essential for the efficient operation and management of aquifer thermal energy storage (ATES) systems. Existing models typically assume a linear relationship between thermal dispersion and velocity, whereas previous controll...

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Main Authors: Wenguang Shi, Quanrong Wang, Ying‐Fan Lin, Aohan Jin, Yingfan Zhao, Yanxin Wang, Chong Ma
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2025-08-01
Series:Water Resources Research
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1029/2024WR039810
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author Wenguang Shi
Quanrong Wang
Ying‐Fan Lin
Aohan Jin
Yingfan Zhao
Yanxin Wang
Chong Ma
author_facet Wenguang Shi
Quanrong Wang
Ying‐Fan Lin
Aohan Jin
Yingfan Zhao
Yanxin Wang
Chong Ma
author_sort Wenguang Shi
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Accurate modeling of heat transport behavior near the test well is essential for the efficient operation and management of aquifer thermal energy storage (ATES) systems. Existing models typically assume a linear relationship between thermal dispersion and velocity, whereas previous controlled experiments have revealed that this relationship is nonlinear. We present a finite element model for thermal single‐well push‐pull (SWPP) tests in ATES systems, incorporating both nonlinear velocity‐dependent thermal dispersion and wellbore mixing effects. Morris global sensitivity analysis shows that heat transport is most affected by nonlinear velocity‐dependent thermal dispersion, followed by injection and extraction rates. A higher exponent of nonlinear velocity‐dependent thermal dispersion leads to a smaller thermal breakthrough curve at the wellbore and a shorter heat transport distance, while thermal dispersivity has the opposite effect. Also, neglecting nonlinear velocity‐dependent thermal dispersion significantly underestimates both effective thermal diffusivity and thermal recovery efficiency in the SWPP tests, where the former is potentially underestimated by four orders of magnitude in the thermal dispersivity range of 1.478–1,000 s. Moreover, the proposed model is used to analyze the relationship between thermal recovery efficiency and the injection‐extraction rate ratio, suggesting that keeping the ratio below one ensures that efficiency exceeds 60%. The capabilities of new model are further demonstrated through two in situ thermal SWPP tests on different time scales (1,000 min and 3 months), highlighting that incorporating nonlinear velocity‐dependent thermal dispersion into models significantly enhances their ability to interpret observations, and the thermal dispersion potentially connected to the test duration.
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spelling doaj-art-4b6e70c6ff7d4d6e9c8c36e0451f0ff02025-08-26T12:02:54ZengWileyWater Resources Research0043-13971944-79732025-08-01618n/an/a10.1029/2024WR039810On Radial Heat Transport in Porous Aquifers With Nonlinear Velocity‐Dependent Thermal DispersionWenguang Shi0Quanrong Wang1Ying‐Fan Lin2Aohan Jin3Yingfan Zhao4Yanxin Wang5Chong Ma6School of Environmental Studies China University of Geosciences Wuhan PR ChinaSchool of Environmental Studies China University of Geosciences Wuhan PR ChinaDepartment of Civil Engineering Chung Yuan Christian University Taoyuan TaiwanSchool of Environmental Studies China University of Geosciences Wuhan PR ChinaSchool of Environmental Studies China University of Geosciences Wuhan PR ChinaSchool of Environmental Studies China University of Geosciences Wuhan PR ChinaSchool of Sustainable Energy China University of Geosciences Wuhan ChinaAbstract Accurate modeling of heat transport behavior near the test well is essential for the efficient operation and management of aquifer thermal energy storage (ATES) systems. Existing models typically assume a linear relationship between thermal dispersion and velocity, whereas previous controlled experiments have revealed that this relationship is nonlinear. We present a finite element model for thermal single‐well push‐pull (SWPP) tests in ATES systems, incorporating both nonlinear velocity‐dependent thermal dispersion and wellbore mixing effects. Morris global sensitivity analysis shows that heat transport is most affected by nonlinear velocity‐dependent thermal dispersion, followed by injection and extraction rates. A higher exponent of nonlinear velocity‐dependent thermal dispersion leads to a smaller thermal breakthrough curve at the wellbore and a shorter heat transport distance, while thermal dispersivity has the opposite effect. Also, neglecting nonlinear velocity‐dependent thermal dispersion significantly underestimates both effective thermal diffusivity and thermal recovery efficiency in the SWPP tests, where the former is potentially underestimated by four orders of magnitude in the thermal dispersivity range of 1.478–1,000 s. Moreover, the proposed model is used to analyze the relationship between thermal recovery efficiency and the injection‐extraction rate ratio, suggesting that keeping the ratio below one ensures that efficiency exceeds 60%. The capabilities of new model are further demonstrated through two in situ thermal SWPP tests on different time scales (1,000 min and 3 months), highlighting that incorporating nonlinear velocity‐dependent thermal dispersion into models significantly enhances their ability to interpret observations, and the thermal dispersion potentially connected to the test duration.https://doi.org/10.1029/2024WR039810thermal dispersionradial heat transportthermal recovery efficiencysingle‐well push‐pull test
spellingShingle Wenguang Shi
Quanrong Wang
Ying‐Fan Lin
Aohan Jin
Yingfan Zhao
Yanxin Wang
Chong Ma
On Radial Heat Transport in Porous Aquifers With Nonlinear Velocity‐Dependent Thermal Dispersion
Water Resources Research
thermal dispersion
radial heat transport
thermal recovery efficiency
single‐well push‐pull test
title On Radial Heat Transport in Porous Aquifers With Nonlinear Velocity‐Dependent Thermal Dispersion
title_full On Radial Heat Transport in Porous Aquifers With Nonlinear Velocity‐Dependent Thermal Dispersion
title_fullStr On Radial Heat Transport in Porous Aquifers With Nonlinear Velocity‐Dependent Thermal Dispersion
title_full_unstemmed On Radial Heat Transport in Porous Aquifers With Nonlinear Velocity‐Dependent Thermal Dispersion
title_short On Radial Heat Transport in Porous Aquifers With Nonlinear Velocity‐Dependent Thermal Dispersion
title_sort on radial heat transport in porous aquifers with nonlinear velocity dependent thermal dispersion
topic thermal dispersion
radial heat transport
thermal recovery efficiency
single‐well push‐pull test
url https://doi.org/10.1029/2024WR039810
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AT yingfanlin onradialheattransportinporousaquiferswithnonlinearvelocitydependentthermaldispersion
AT aohanjin onradialheattransportinporousaquiferswithnonlinearvelocitydependentthermaldispersion
AT yingfanzhao onradialheattransportinporousaquiferswithnonlinearvelocitydependentthermaldispersion
AT yanxinwang onradialheattransportinporousaquiferswithnonlinearvelocitydependentthermaldispersion
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