Validity of a Centrifuge-Based Method for Determining the Water Retention Curve of Growing Media

The water retention curve (WRC) determines important properties of growing media with respect to water dynamics. However, the standard laboratory determination is time-consuming and laborious. The objectives of this study were (i) to test the practical applicability of the centrifuge method as a qui...

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Main Authors: Hadi Hamaaziz Muhammed, Lisa Schumm, Ruediger Anlauf, Tobias Reineke, Diemo Daum
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Horticulturae
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/10/12/1255
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author Hadi Hamaaziz Muhammed
Lisa Schumm
Ruediger Anlauf
Tobias Reineke
Diemo Daum
author_facet Hadi Hamaaziz Muhammed
Lisa Schumm
Ruediger Anlauf
Tobias Reineke
Diemo Daum
author_sort Hadi Hamaaziz Muhammed
collection DOAJ
description The water retention curve (WRC) determines important properties of growing media with respect to water dynamics. However, the standard laboratory determination is time-consuming and laborious. The objectives of this study were (i) to test the practical applicability of the centrifuge method as a quick test for a wide range of growing media, (ii) to compare a simple substitution method to describe the bulk density of growing media with the results of the standard method, and (iii) to give a recommendation under which conditions (the mean weighted diameter of the substrate particles is 5 mm or less) the centrifuge quick test could serve as a replacement for the standard DIN method. Water content vs. water suction values determined for the whole range of the water retention curve with the standard method, and centrifugation results were compared and evaluated by correlation analyses. The results showed good agreement (R<sup>2</sup> ≥ 0.98) between the centrifuge and DIN methods, with the effect of material compression in the centrifuge method resulting in a statistically significant correlation between compression and bias at low pF stages. This, however, did not lead to significant deviations between the method’s results at low pF stages (<pF 2.0). The method’s rapidity (2 days vs. up to 8.5 days) and correlation with standard methods highlight its potential for practical applications. Limitations, such as compression effects, were noted, emphasizing the need for careful interpretation. Overall, the centrifuge method provided a valuable research and substrate development tool. This study contributes to refining measurement techniques in growth substrates, encouraging ongoing research in water dynamics in growing media.
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spelling doaj-art-4b32a64ccea14673a54dff1a53dd3d182024-12-27T14:29:02ZengMDPI AGHorticulturae2311-75242024-11-011012125510.3390/horticulturae10121255Validity of a Centrifuge-Based Method for Determining the Water Retention Curve of Growing MediaHadi Hamaaziz Muhammed0Lisa Schumm1Ruediger Anlauf2Tobias Reineke3Diemo Daum4Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Landscape Architecture, Osnabrueck University of Applied Sciences, Am Kruempel 31, 49090 Osnabrueck, GermanyEiffage Intra-Sued GmbH, Hansastrasse 4a, 91126 Schwabach, GermanyFaculty of Agricultural Sciences and Landscape Architecture, Osnabrueck University of Applied Sciences, Am Kruempel 31, 49090 Osnabrueck, GermanyInstitute of Plant Nutrition, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26, 35392 Giessen, GermanyFaculty of Agricultural Sciences and Landscape Architecture, Osnabrueck University of Applied Sciences, Am Kruempel 31, 49090 Osnabrueck, GermanyThe water retention curve (WRC) determines important properties of growing media with respect to water dynamics. However, the standard laboratory determination is time-consuming and laborious. The objectives of this study were (i) to test the practical applicability of the centrifuge method as a quick test for a wide range of growing media, (ii) to compare a simple substitution method to describe the bulk density of growing media with the results of the standard method, and (iii) to give a recommendation under which conditions (the mean weighted diameter of the substrate particles is 5 mm or less) the centrifuge quick test could serve as a replacement for the standard DIN method. Water content vs. water suction values determined for the whole range of the water retention curve with the standard method, and centrifugation results were compared and evaluated by correlation analyses. The results showed good agreement (R<sup>2</sup> ≥ 0.98) between the centrifuge and DIN methods, with the effect of material compression in the centrifuge method resulting in a statistically significant correlation between compression and bias at low pF stages. This, however, did not lead to significant deviations between the method’s results at low pF stages (<pF 2.0). The method’s rapidity (2 days vs. up to 8.5 days) and correlation with standard methods highlight its potential for practical applications. Limitations, such as compression effects, were noted, emphasizing the need for careful interpretation. Overall, the centrifuge method provided a valuable research and substrate development tool. This study contributes to refining measurement techniques in growth substrates, encouraging ongoing research in water dynamics in growing media.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/10/12/1255bulk densitycompressioncontainer capacityair capacityphysical propertiesreproducibility
spellingShingle Hadi Hamaaziz Muhammed
Lisa Schumm
Ruediger Anlauf
Tobias Reineke
Diemo Daum
Validity of a Centrifuge-Based Method for Determining the Water Retention Curve of Growing Media
Horticulturae
bulk density
compression
container capacity
air capacity
physical properties
reproducibility
title Validity of a Centrifuge-Based Method for Determining the Water Retention Curve of Growing Media
title_full Validity of a Centrifuge-Based Method for Determining the Water Retention Curve of Growing Media
title_fullStr Validity of a Centrifuge-Based Method for Determining the Water Retention Curve of Growing Media
title_full_unstemmed Validity of a Centrifuge-Based Method for Determining the Water Retention Curve of Growing Media
title_short Validity of a Centrifuge-Based Method for Determining the Water Retention Curve of Growing Media
title_sort validity of a centrifuge based method for determining the water retention curve of growing media
topic bulk density
compression
container capacity
air capacity
physical properties
reproducibility
url https://www.mdpi.com/2311-7524/10/12/1255
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