The Crested Ibises expanding to plain areas exhibit a higher tolerance of human proximity
Animals must strike a balance between anti-predation behavior and other essential behaviors, such as foraging. Within the same species, strategies may vary on individuals' risk-taking preferences, and in this process the environment is a determinant, in addition to predator regime. The Crested...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Avian Research |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2053716624000082 |
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| author | Yuqi Zou Yiting Jiang Zitan Song Xiaobin Fang Changqing Ding |
| author_facet | Yuqi Zou Yiting Jiang Zitan Song Xiaobin Fang Changqing Ding |
| author_sort | Yuqi Zou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Animals must strike a balance between anti-predation behavior and other essential behaviors, such as foraging. Within the same species, strategies may vary on individuals' risk-taking preferences, and in this process the environment is a determinant, in addition to predator regime. The Crested Ibis (Nipponia nippon) exhibits such tendency. This is an endangered species, once inhabiting exclusively in China's Qinling Mountain. This used to be the sole remaining wild population. However, over recent decades, this population has expanded. A portion has relocated to breed in the lower plain area, which is characterized by elevated level of human activities and landscape complexity. We used flight initiation distance (FID) as an indicator of the ibises' risk-taking preference, particularly their response to human proximity. Additionally, we examined the environmental factors influencing their foraging site selection, including altitude, terrain openness, human activity intensity and human construction. Our findings revealed a significantly shorter FID among individuals relocating to plain habitats, indicating a higher tolerance of human proximity. The results showed that FID decreased with distance to the nearest human settlement. Another finding is that FID was independent of instant human activity intensity and environmental factors (altitude and terrain openness). These different may arise from various combinations of human activity, predation risk, and food abundance within the two habitats. These results provide insights into the in situ conservation of the threatened species within the context of global urbanization. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-4af0b2a703c74ff2abaf1cb4c29fadff |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2053-7166 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Avian Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-4af0b2a703c74ff2abaf1cb4c29fadff2024-12-08T06:09:27ZengKeAi Communications Co., Ltd.Avian Research2053-71662024-01-0115100165The Crested Ibises expanding to plain areas exhibit a higher tolerance of human proximityYuqi Zou0Yiting Jiang1Zitan Song2Xiaobin Fang3Changqing Ding4School of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, 78464, Germany; Center for the Advanced Study of Collective Behavior, University of Konstanz, Konstanz, 78464, GermanySchool of Life Sciences, Liaoning University, Shenyang, 110036, ChinaComparative Socioecology Group, Max Planck Institute for Animal Behavior, Konstanz, 78467, GermanySchool of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, ChinaSchool of Ecology and Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China; Corresponding author.Animals must strike a balance between anti-predation behavior and other essential behaviors, such as foraging. Within the same species, strategies may vary on individuals' risk-taking preferences, and in this process the environment is a determinant, in addition to predator regime. The Crested Ibis (Nipponia nippon) exhibits such tendency. This is an endangered species, once inhabiting exclusively in China's Qinling Mountain. This used to be the sole remaining wild population. However, over recent decades, this population has expanded. A portion has relocated to breed in the lower plain area, which is characterized by elevated level of human activities and landscape complexity. We used flight initiation distance (FID) as an indicator of the ibises' risk-taking preference, particularly their response to human proximity. Additionally, we examined the environmental factors influencing their foraging site selection, including altitude, terrain openness, human activity intensity and human construction. Our findings revealed a significantly shorter FID among individuals relocating to plain habitats, indicating a higher tolerance of human proximity. The results showed that FID decreased with distance to the nearest human settlement. Another finding is that FID was independent of instant human activity intensity and environmental factors (altitude and terrain openness). These different may arise from various combinations of human activity, predation risk, and food abundance within the two habitats. These results provide insights into the in situ conservation of the threatened species within the context of global urbanization.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2053716624000082Anti-predation behaviorFlight initiation distanceHabitat expansionHuman activityNipponia nippon |
| spellingShingle | Yuqi Zou Yiting Jiang Zitan Song Xiaobin Fang Changqing Ding The Crested Ibises expanding to plain areas exhibit a higher tolerance of human proximity Avian Research Anti-predation behavior Flight initiation distance Habitat expansion Human activity Nipponia nippon |
| title | The Crested Ibises expanding to plain areas exhibit a higher tolerance of human proximity |
| title_full | The Crested Ibises expanding to plain areas exhibit a higher tolerance of human proximity |
| title_fullStr | The Crested Ibises expanding to plain areas exhibit a higher tolerance of human proximity |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Crested Ibises expanding to plain areas exhibit a higher tolerance of human proximity |
| title_short | The Crested Ibises expanding to plain areas exhibit a higher tolerance of human proximity |
| title_sort | crested ibises expanding to plain areas exhibit a higher tolerance of human proximity |
| topic | Anti-predation behavior Flight initiation distance Habitat expansion Human activity Nipponia nippon |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2053716624000082 |
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