Can quantum computers do nothing?

Abstract Quantum computing platforms are subject to contradictory engineering requirements: qubits must be protected from mutual interactions when idling (‘doing nothing’), and strongly interacting when in operation. If idling qubits are not sufficiently protected, information ‘leaks’ into neighbour...

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Main Authors: Alexander Nico-Katz, Nathan Keenan, John Goold
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2024-11-01
Series:npj Quantum Information
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-024-00918-6
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author Alexander Nico-Katz
Nathan Keenan
John Goold
author_facet Alexander Nico-Katz
Nathan Keenan
John Goold
author_sort Alexander Nico-Katz
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Quantum computing platforms are subject to contradictory engineering requirements: qubits must be protected from mutual interactions when idling (‘doing nothing’), and strongly interacting when in operation. If idling qubits are not sufficiently protected, information ‘leaks’ into neighbouring qubits, becoming ultimately inaccessible. Candidate solutions to this dilemma include many-body localization, dynamical decoupling, and active error correction. However, no protocol exists to quantify this effect in a similar way to e.g. SPAM errors. We develop a scalable, device non-specific, protocol for quantifying idle information loss by exploiting tools from quantum information theory. We implement this protocol in over 3500 experiments carried out across 4 months (Dec 2023–Mar 2024) on IBM’s entire Falcon 5.11 processor series. After accounting for other error sources, we detect information loss to high degrees of statistical significance. This work thus provides a firm quantitative foundation from which the protection-operation dilemma can be investigated and ultimately resolved.
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spelling doaj-art-49af961f6b2d49958da11f0d9746d4be2024-12-01T12:38:40ZengNature Portfolionpj Quantum Information2056-63872024-11-011011810.1038/s41534-024-00918-6Can quantum computers do nothing?Alexander Nico-Katz0Nathan Keenan1John Goold2School of Physics, Trinity College DublinSchool of Physics, Trinity College DublinSchool of Physics, Trinity College DublinAbstract Quantum computing platforms are subject to contradictory engineering requirements: qubits must be protected from mutual interactions when idling (‘doing nothing’), and strongly interacting when in operation. If idling qubits are not sufficiently protected, information ‘leaks’ into neighbouring qubits, becoming ultimately inaccessible. Candidate solutions to this dilemma include many-body localization, dynamical decoupling, and active error correction. However, no protocol exists to quantify this effect in a similar way to e.g. SPAM errors. We develop a scalable, device non-specific, protocol for quantifying idle information loss by exploiting tools from quantum information theory. We implement this protocol in over 3500 experiments carried out across 4 months (Dec 2023–Mar 2024) on IBM’s entire Falcon 5.11 processor series. After accounting for other error sources, we detect information loss to high degrees of statistical significance. This work thus provides a firm quantitative foundation from which the protection-operation dilemma can be investigated and ultimately resolved.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-024-00918-6
spellingShingle Alexander Nico-Katz
Nathan Keenan
John Goold
Can quantum computers do nothing?
npj Quantum Information
title Can quantum computers do nothing?
title_full Can quantum computers do nothing?
title_fullStr Can quantum computers do nothing?
title_full_unstemmed Can quantum computers do nothing?
title_short Can quantum computers do nothing?
title_sort can quantum computers do nothing
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-024-00918-6
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