Rare Chromosomal Uniformity in Black Flies of the <i>Simulium striatum</i> Species Group (Diptera: Simuliidae)
We conducted a comparative chromosomal analysis of 10 nominal species and 3 unidentified species in the <i>Simulium striatum</i> group from six countries. A total of 66 chromosomal rearrangements were found, of which 78.8% were inversions. The group is defined by 11 fixed inversions, of...
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2025-05-01
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| author | Peter H. Adler Sergey Vlasov Yao-Te Huang Upik K. Hadi Khamla Inkhavilay Banchai Malavong Varvara Topolenko Bhuvadol Gomontean Waraporn Jumpato Ronnalit Mintara San Namtaku Isara Thanee Wannachai Wannasingha Komgrit Wongpakam Chavanut Jaroenchaiwattanachote Pairot Pramual |
| author_facet | Peter H. Adler Sergey Vlasov Yao-Te Huang Upik K. Hadi Khamla Inkhavilay Banchai Malavong Varvara Topolenko Bhuvadol Gomontean Waraporn Jumpato Ronnalit Mintara San Namtaku Isara Thanee Wannachai Wannasingha Komgrit Wongpakam Chavanut Jaroenchaiwattanachote Pairot Pramual |
| author_sort | Peter H. Adler |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We conducted a comparative chromosomal analysis of 10 nominal species and 3 unidentified species in the <i>Simulium striatum</i> group from six countries. A total of 66 chromosomal rearrangements were found, of which 78.8% were inversions. The group is defined by 11 fixed inversions, of which 6 are unique, supporting the monophyletic status previously indicated by morphological and molecular characters. Only 1 of the 13 taxa had a unique fixed chromosomal rearrangement. Although the group demonstrates significant macrogenomic reorganization, subsequent speciation occurred largely without chromosomal rearrangement. The results conflict with the pattern seen in all other species groups of Simuliidae, in which one or more diagnostic rearrangements are typically expressed among species in the same group. The chromosomes provide limited evidence that four entities are valid species but no evidence for the nine others. The weight of evidence from combined chromosomal, molecular, and morphological data, in addition to the practical considerations made for insular species, supports the species status of seven of these nominal species; the remaining taxa require further study. The <i>S. striatum</i> group, accordingly, is either over-divided into nominal species or deficient in chromosomal discriminators. If most or all nominal species and unnamed species are valid, all but one are homosequential, an unprecedented condition in Simuliidae. This group illustrates the need for the integration of multiple character sets for discovering and delimiting species. |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
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| series | Insects |
| spelling | doaj-art-49719b77d1a14b018910c8b84dfd067c2025-08-20T03:47:57ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502025-05-0116551110.3390/insects16050511Rare Chromosomal Uniformity in Black Flies of the <i>Simulium striatum</i> Species Group (Diptera: Simuliidae)Peter H. Adler0Sergey Vlasov1Yao-Te Huang2Upik K. Hadi3Khamla Inkhavilay4Banchai Malavong5Varvara Topolenko6Bhuvadol Gomontean7Waraporn Jumpato8Ronnalit Mintara9San Namtaku10Isara Thanee11Wannachai Wannasingha12Komgrit Wongpakam13Chavanut Jaroenchaiwattanachote14Pairot Pramual15Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USADepartment of General Biology and Bioecology, Federal State University of Education, Moscow 105005, RussiaR & D Center Composites Department, Nan Ya Plastics Corporation, New Taipei City 238032, TaiwanDivision of Medical Entomology and Parasitology, School of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, IPB University, Bogor 16680, IndonesiaCenter of Excellence in Biodiversity, National University of Laos, Vientiane 7322, LaosCenter of Excellence in Biodiversity, National University of Laos, Vientiane 7322, LaosDepartment of General Biology and Bioecology, Federal State University of Education, Moscow 105005, RussiaDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham 44150, ThailandDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham 44150, ThailandDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham 44150, ThailandDepartment of Science and Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Health Technology, Kalasin University, Kalasin 46230, ThailandDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham 44150, ThailandCenter of Excellence in Biodiversity Research, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham 44150, ThailandWalai Rukhavej Botanical Research Institute, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham 44150, ThailandCenter of Excellence in Biodiversity Research, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham 44150, ThailandDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, Mahasarakham University, Mahasarakham 44150, ThailandWe conducted a comparative chromosomal analysis of 10 nominal species and 3 unidentified species in the <i>Simulium striatum</i> group from six countries. A total of 66 chromosomal rearrangements were found, of which 78.8% were inversions. The group is defined by 11 fixed inversions, of which 6 are unique, supporting the monophyletic status previously indicated by morphological and molecular characters. Only 1 of the 13 taxa had a unique fixed chromosomal rearrangement. Although the group demonstrates significant macrogenomic reorganization, subsequent speciation occurred largely without chromosomal rearrangement. The results conflict with the pattern seen in all other species groups of Simuliidae, in which one or more diagnostic rearrangements are typically expressed among species in the same group. The chromosomes provide limited evidence that four entities are valid species but no evidence for the nine others. The weight of evidence from combined chromosomal, molecular, and morphological data, in addition to the practical considerations made for insular species, supports the species status of seven of these nominal species; the remaining taxa require further study. The <i>S. striatum</i> group, accordingly, is either over-divided into nominal species or deficient in chromosomal discriminators. If most or all nominal species and unnamed species are valid, all but one are homosequential, an unprecedented condition in Simuliidae. This group illustrates the need for the integration of multiple character sets for discovering and delimiting species.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/16/5/511aquatic insectsbiodiversitycryptic specieshomosequential speciestaxonomy |
| spellingShingle | Peter H. Adler Sergey Vlasov Yao-Te Huang Upik K. Hadi Khamla Inkhavilay Banchai Malavong Varvara Topolenko Bhuvadol Gomontean Waraporn Jumpato Ronnalit Mintara San Namtaku Isara Thanee Wannachai Wannasingha Komgrit Wongpakam Chavanut Jaroenchaiwattanachote Pairot Pramual Rare Chromosomal Uniformity in Black Flies of the <i>Simulium striatum</i> Species Group (Diptera: Simuliidae) Insects aquatic insects biodiversity cryptic species homosequential species taxonomy |
| title | Rare Chromosomal Uniformity in Black Flies of the <i>Simulium striatum</i> Species Group (Diptera: Simuliidae) |
| title_full | Rare Chromosomal Uniformity in Black Flies of the <i>Simulium striatum</i> Species Group (Diptera: Simuliidae) |
| title_fullStr | Rare Chromosomal Uniformity in Black Flies of the <i>Simulium striatum</i> Species Group (Diptera: Simuliidae) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Rare Chromosomal Uniformity in Black Flies of the <i>Simulium striatum</i> Species Group (Diptera: Simuliidae) |
| title_short | Rare Chromosomal Uniformity in Black Flies of the <i>Simulium striatum</i> Species Group (Diptera: Simuliidae) |
| title_sort | rare chromosomal uniformity in black flies of the i simulium striatum i species group diptera simuliidae |
| topic | aquatic insects biodiversity cryptic species homosequential species taxonomy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/16/5/511 |
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