Source distribution, ecological risks, and controlling factors of heavy metals in river sediments: Receptor model-based study in a transboundary river basin
In the context of transboundary rivers, which constitute intricate fluvial ecosystems, the persistent threat of heavy metals (HMs) contamination poses significant risks to ecosystem health. In this study, ecotoxicological hazards, governing factors, and the distribution of nine HMs (uranium (U), lea...
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KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.
2025-02-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Sediment Research |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1001627924001069 |
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| author | Abu Reza Md Towfiqul Islam Abu Hena Md Fazla Rabbi Amit Hasan Anik Rahat Khan Md Abdullah Al Masud Grara Nedjoud Abubakr M. Idris Md Naimur Rahman Venkatramanan Senapathi |
| author_facet | Abu Reza Md Towfiqul Islam Abu Hena Md Fazla Rabbi Amit Hasan Anik Rahat Khan Md Abdullah Al Masud Grara Nedjoud Abubakr M. Idris Md Naimur Rahman Venkatramanan Senapathi |
| author_sort | Abu Reza Md Towfiqul Islam |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In the context of transboundary rivers, which constitute intricate fluvial ecosystems, the persistent threat of heavy metals (HMs) contamination poses significant risks to ecosystem health. In this study, ecotoxicological hazards, governing factors, and the distribution of nine HMs (uranium (U), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu)), as well as sediment characteristics (sand, silt, clay, organic matter, and pH) are assessed within the sediment. The current investigation encompasses the analysis of twenty-seven sediment samples, utilizing inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, in the transboundary river basin of Bangladesh, specifically the Teesta River. Notably, the findings underscore the predominance of Cd as a contaminant, responsible for 51.85%, 81.84%, and 100% of the geo-accumulation index, contamination factor, and enrichment factor, respectively. The Teesta River emerges as moderately to highly polluted, with cumulative probabilities of 7.4%, 85.2%, and 7.4% denoting “medium”, “high”, and “priority” pollution levels, respectively. Regions in the upstream and downstream middle sections of the study area exhibit relatively higher pollution levels, particularly in proximity to Kaunia Upazila in the Rangpur district. Ecologically, the potential risk index indicates a low likelihood of ecological impacts at 77.8%, alongside a moderate risk observation of 22.2%. The current results attribute the distribution of these HMs to the pH and organic matter content within the sediment, serving as pivotal factors. To unravel the origins of the HMs, the positive matrix factorization (PMF) model successfully identifies four contributing factors, primarily from geogenic sources. Validation of the PMF model through Spearmen correlation and principal component analysis (PCA) reveals a consistent pattern, affirming its efficacy in this analysis. Within the region, HM sources are identified as originating from anthropogenic activities such as irrigation, industrial discharges, and domestic effluent, in addition to substantial inputs from geogenic sources. Recognizing the transboundary nature of metal pollution, the current study underscores the imperative for continuous and vigilant monitoring, coupled with the implementation of robust management practices. The interplay of both anthropogenic and geogenic factors necessitates a comprehensive approach to effectively and sustainably combat HM contamination. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-47fdea8cdbdb4dcc8166f130cb6d3a8d |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1001-6279 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. |
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| series | International Journal of Sediment Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-47fdea8cdbdb4dcc8166f130cb6d3a8d2025-01-12T05:24:18ZengKeAi Communications Co., Ltd.International Journal of Sediment Research1001-62792025-02-014014561Source distribution, ecological risks, and controlling factors of heavy metals in river sediments: Receptor model-based study in a transboundary river basinAbu Reza Md Towfiqul Islam0Abu Hena Md Fazla Rabbi1Amit Hasan Anik2Rahat Khan3Md Abdullah Al Masud4Grara Nedjoud5Abubakr M. Idris6Md Naimur Rahman7Venkatramanan Senapathi8Department of Disaster Management, Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur 5400, Bangladesh; Department of Development Studies, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh; Corresponding author.Department of Disaster Management, Begum Rokeya University, Rangpur 5400, BangladeshDepartment of Environmental Science, Bangladesh University of Professionals (BUP), Mirpur-12, Cantonment, Dhaka 1216, BangladeshInstitute of Nuclear Science & Technology, Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission (BAEC), Savar, Dhaka 1349, BangladeshSchool of Architecture, Civil, Environmental and Energy Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Natural and Life Sciences, Earth and Universe University 8 May 1945 Guelma, P.O. BOX 401, Guelma 24000, AlgeriaDepartment of Chemistry, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia; Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, Abha, 62529, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Development Studies, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1216, Bangladesh; Department of Geography, Hong Kong Baptist University, Kowloon, Hong Kong, ChinaPG and Research Department of Geology, National College (Autonomous), Tiruchirappalli 620001, Tamil Nadu, IndiaIn the context of transboundary rivers, which constitute intricate fluvial ecosystems, the persistent threat of heavy metals (HMs) contamination poses significant risks to ecosystem health. In this study, ecotoxicological hazards, governing factors, and the distribution of nine HMs (uranium (U), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), nickel (Ni), chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), and copper (Cu)), as well as sediment characteristics (sand, silt, clay, organic matter, and pH) are assessed within the sediment. The current investigation encompasses the analysis of twenty-seven sediment samples, utilizing inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, in the transboundary river basin of Bangladesh, specifically the Teesta River. Notably, the findings underscore the predominance of Cd as a contaminant, responsible for 51.85%, 81.84%, and 100% of the geo-accumulation index, contamination factor, and enrichment factor, respectively. The Teesta River emerges as moderately to highly polluted, with cumulative probabilities of 7.4%, 85.2%, and 7.4% denoting “medium”, “high”, and “priority” pollution levels, respectively. Regions in the upstream and downstream middle sections of the study area exhibit relatively higher pollution levels, particularly in proximity to Kaunia Upazila in the Rangpur district. Ecologically, the potential risk index indicates a low likelihood of ecological impacts at 77.8%, alongside a moderate risk observation of 22.2%. The current results attribute the distribution of these HMs to the pH and organic matter content within the sediment, serving as pivotal factors. To unravel the origins of the HMs, the positive matrix factorization (PMF) model successfully identifies four contributing factors, primarily from geogenic sources. Validation of the PMF model through Spearmen correlation and principal component analysis (PCA) reveals a consistent pattern, affirming its efficacy in this analysis. Within the region, HM sources are identified as originating from anthropogenic activities such as irrigation, industrial discharges, and domestic effluent, in addition to substantial inputs from geogenic sources. Recognizing the transboundary nature of metal pollution, the current study underscores the imperative for continuous and vigilant monitoring, coupled with the implementation of robust management practices. The interplay of both anthropogenic and geogenic factors necessitates a comprehensive approach to effectively and sustainably combat HM contamination.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1001627924001069Teesta riverBangladeshProbable sourcesGeo-environmental indicesPollution level |
| spellingShingle | Abu Reza Md Towfiqul Islam Abu Hena Md Fazla Rabbi Amit Hasan Anik Rahat Khan Md Abdullah Al Masud Grara Nedjoud Abubakr M. Idris Md Naimur Rahman Venkatramanan Senapathi Source distribution, ecological risks, and controlling factors of heavy metals in river sediments: Receptor model-based study in a transboundary river basin International Journal of Sediment Research Teesta river Bangladesh Probable sources Geo-environmental indices Pollution level |
| title | Source distribution, ecological risks, and controlling factors of heavy metals in river sediments: Receptor model-based study in a transboundary river basin |
| title_full | Source distribution, ecological risks, and controlling factors of heavy metals in river sediments: Receptor model-based study in a transboundary river basin |
| title_fullStr | Source distribution, ecological risks, and controlling factors of heavy metals in river sediments: Receptor model-based study in a transboundary river basin |
| title_full_unstemmed | Source distribution, ecological risks, and controlling factors of heavy metals in river sediments: Receptor model-based study in a transboundary river basin |
| title_short | Source distribution, ecological risks, and controlling factors of heavy metals in river sediments: Receptor model-based study in a transboundary river basin |
| title_sort | source distribution ecological risks and controlling factors of heavy metals in river sediments receptor model based study in a transboundary river basin |
| topic | Teesta river Bangladesh Probable sources Geo-environmental indices Pollution level |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1001627924001069 |
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