Longitudinal ozone exposure and SARS-CoV-2 infection in late pregnancy: a retrospective cohort study

BackgroundAtmospheric ozone is a common air pollutant with known impacts on maternal and fetal health. However, the relationship between gestational ozone exposure and susceptibility to respirovirus infection remains unclear. This study aims to assess the association between longitudinal ozone expos...

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Main Authors: Lin Zhang, Jiaqi Tian, Shuyin Duan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2024-12-01
Series:Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2024.1476603/full
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author Lin Zhang
Lin Zhang
Jiaqi Tian
Jiaqi Tian
Shuyin Duan
author_facet Lin Zhang
Lin Zhang
Jiaqi Tian
Jiaqi Tian
Shuyin Duan
author_sort Lin Zhang
collection DOAJ
description BackgroundAtmospheric ozone is a common air pollutant with known impacts on maternal and fetal health. However, the relationship between gestational ozone exposure and susceptibility to respirovirus infection remains unclear. This study aims to assess the association between longitudinal ozone exposure during pregnancy and COVID-19 risk in late gestation.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included 600 pregnant women (300 infected with SARS-CoV-2 and 300 uninfected) who delivered at one hospital in Jinan, China from November 2022 to January 2023. Individual ozone exposure levels throughout gestation were estimated based on local ambient monitoring data. Logistic regression models were constructed to examine the association between gestational ozone exposure and COVID-19 status in late pregnancy, adjusting for demographic and clinical variables.ResultsIn Jinan, ozone levels increased by 1.85 ppb annually and peaked between April and October, corresponding to winds from the south and southwest. Higher ozone exposure over pregnancy was associated with lower odds of SARS-CoV-2 infection in late gestation (OR per IQR increase = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.40-0.90). Compared to the lowest quartile (reference), the highest ozone quartile corresponded to a 99% decreased infection risk (OR = 0.01, 95% CI: 0.00-0.03). Increased maternal age and pre-pregnancy BMI were associated with higher COVID-19 risk.ConclusionsLongitudinal ozone exposure during gestation may be protective against SARS-CoV-2 infection in late pregnancy. Further studies are needed to confirm this finding and elucidate underlying mechanisms. These results highlight the potential importance of environmental exposures in COVID-19 susceptibility.
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spelling doaj-art-47e305688cc644e9a19fb36281f9adef2024-12-20T06:29:29ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology2235-29882024-12-011410.3389/fcimb.2024.14766031476603Longitudinal ozone exposure and SARS-CoV-2 infection in late pregnancy: a retrospective cohort studyLin Zhang0Lin Zhang1Jiaqi Tian2Jiaqi Tian3Shuyin Duan4Clinical Medical Research Center for Women and Children Diseases, Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, ChinaKey Laboratory of Birth Defect Prevention and Genetic Medicine of Shandong Health Commission, Jinan, ChinaClinical Medical Research Center for Women and Children Diseases, Key Laboratory of Birth Regulation and Control Technology of National Health Commission of China, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, ChinaKey Laboratory of Birth Defect Prevention and Genetic Medicine of Shandong Health Commission, Jinan, ChinaSchool of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, ChinaBackgroundAtmospheric ozone is a common air pollutant with known impacts on maternal and fetal health. However, the relationship between gestational ozone exposure and susceptibility to respirovirus infection remains unclear. This study aims to assess the association between longitudinal ozone exposure during pregnancy and COVID-19 risk in late gestation.MethodsThis retrospective cohort study included 600 pregnant women (300 infected with SARS-CoV-2 and 300 uninfected) who delivered at one hospital in Jinan, China from November 2022 to January 2023. Individual ozone exposure levels throughout gestation were estimated based on local ambient monitoring data. Logistic regression models were constructed to examine the association between gestational ozone exposure and COVID-19 status in late pregnancy, adjusting for demographic and clinical variables.ResultsIn Jinan, ozone levels increased by 1.85 ppb annually and peaked between April and October, corresponding to winds from the south and southwest. Higher ozone exposure over pregnancy was associated with lower odds of SARS-CoV-2 infection in late gestation (OR per IQR increase = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.40-0.90). Compared to the lowest quartile (reference), the highest ozone quartile corresponded to a 99% decreased infection risk (OR = 0.01, 95% CI: 0.00-0.03). Increased maternal age and pre-pregnancy BMI were associated with higher COVID-19 risk.ConclusionsLongitudinal ozone exposure during gestation may be protective against SARS-CoV-2 infection in late pregnancy. Further studies are needed to confirm this finding and elucidate underlying mechanisms. These results highlight the potential importance of environmental exposures in COVID-19 susceptibility.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2024.1476603/fullgestational ozone exposureSARS-CoV-2 infectionpregnancy outcomesenvironmental epidemiologyviral susceptibility
spellingShingle Lin Zhang
Lin Zhang
Jiaqi Tian
Jiaqi Tian
Shuyin Duan
Longitudinal ozone exposure and SARS-CoV-2 infection in late pregnancy: a retrospective cohort study
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology
gestational ozone exposure
SARS-CoV-2 infection
pregnancy outcomes
environmental epidemiology
viral susceptibility
title Longitudinal ozone exposure and SARS-CoV-2 infection in late pregnancy: a retrospective cohort study
title_full Longitudinal ozone exposure and SARS-CoV-2 infection in late pregnancy: a retrospective cohort study
title_fullStr Longitudinal ozone exposure and SARS-CoV-2 infection in late pregnancy: a retrospective cohort study
title_full_unstemmed Longitudinal ozone exposure and SARS-CoV-2 infection in late pregnancy: a retrospective cohort study
title_short Longitudinal ozone exposure and SARS-CoV-2 infection in late pregnancy: a retrospective cohort study
title_sort longitudinal ozone exposure and sars cov 2 infection in late pregnancy a retrospective cohort study
topic gestational ozone exposure
SARS-CoV-2 infection
pregnancy outcomes
environmental epidemiology
viral susceptibility
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fcimb.2024.1476603/full
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AT jiaqitian longitudinalozoneexposureandsarscov2infectioninlatepregnancyaretrospectivecohortstudy
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